| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Carmoisine does not target a specific protein or enzyme. As an azo dye, its utility in food coloring and research is based on its chemical and physical properties rather than binding to a specific molecular target.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and F2-isoprostanes are produced in vitro by blood neutrophils more efficiently when carmoisine is added. Blood neutrophils produce more F2-isoprostanes when carmoisine is present, at all tested concentrations[2].
The in vitro activity of Carmoisine is characterized by its strong absorbance in the visible spectrum, with a lambda max of 514-518 nm. When used in conjunction with other dyes, Carmoisine effectively differentiates cellular and tissue components, providing high contrast for microscopic analysis and enabling clear visualization of structural details. |
| ln Vivo |
Male Wistar rats are treated with carmoisine (49.3–493.93 mg/kg; oral; 42 days); whereas NFκB and GADD45α expression remain unchanged, carmoisine therapy enhances MAPK8 expression at remarkably low and high concentrations[1].
In vivo, Carmoisine is not used as a therapeutic agent. It is a food additive that is absorbed and metabolized to varying degrees. While approved as a food colorant in many countries, its use is regulated due to potential hypersensitivity reactions, particularly in individuals with aspirin intolerance or asthma. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro binding assays are not applicable for Carmoisine as it functions as a food colorant and research dye rather than a drug targeting specific enzymes or receptors. The compound can be used in staining protocols where it is applied to tissue sections or cellular samples.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, Carmoisine may be used in histological staining procedures. The dye can be applied to tissue sections to provide contrast for microscopic visualization. When used with other dyes, it helps differentiate cellular and tissue components.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male Wistar rats (120-300 g)[1]
Doses: 49.3 mg/kg, 493 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral administration; for 42 days Experimental Results: Resulted in apoptosis according to MAPK8 expression. In vivo animal experiments with Carmoisine are not typically performed as a therapeutic intervention. The compound is primarily used as a food colorant and research reagent. Its safety has been evaluated in toxicological studies for regulatory approval as a food additive. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Following intravenous injection of 1 mg in rats, 30-40% of the color is excreted unchanged via bile. Lactic acid bacteria can reduce its content. In rats with renal pedicle ligation, intravenous injection of azo red S resulted in an apparent maximum bile excretion rate, which could be inhibited by phenolphthalein glucuronide or probenecid. Bile excretion of the dye may involve active transport processes. Pharmacokinetic properties of Carmoisine have been studied in the context of its use as a food additive. The compound is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and metabolized to varying degrees. However, detailed pharmacokinetic data is not typically reported for food colorants. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Carmoisine indicates that it can cause hypersensitivity reactions, particularly in individuals with aspirin intolerance or asthma. Its use is regulated in many countries, and acceptable daily intake levels have been established. The compound is not intended for human therapeutic use.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Reddish-brown crystals or dark reddish-brown powder. (NTP, 1992)
Carmine is an organic molecular entity. Carmoisine (Azorubine, E122) is a synthetic red azo dye used as a food colorant in beverages, confectionery, and baked goods. It is favored for its stability under heat and light. The compound has no clinical or therapeutic applications and has not received regulatory approval for systemic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H12N2NA2O7S2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
502.43
|
| Exact Mass |
501.988
|
| CAS # |
3567-69-9
|
| Related CAS # |
13613-55-3 (Parent)
|
| PubChem CID |
19118
|
| Appearance |
Brown to black solid powder
|
| Melting Point |
>300ºC
|
| Flash Point |
>225℃
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| LogP |
6.083
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
33
|
| Complexity |
854
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)[O-])N=NC3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C3)S(=O)(=O)[O-])O.[Na+].[Na+]
|
| InChi Key |
YSVBPNGJESBVRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H14N2O7S2.2Na/c23-20-15-8-4-3-7-14(15)19(31(27,28)29)11-17(20)22-21-16-9-10-18(30(24,25)26)13-6-2-1-5-12(13)16;;/h1-11,23H,(H,24,25,26)(H,27,28,29);;/q;2*+1/p-2
|
| Chemical Name |
disodium;4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL (99.52 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9903 mL | 9.9516 mL | 19.9033 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3981 mL | 1.9903 mL | 3.9807 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1990 mL | 0.9952 mL | 1.9903 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05675761
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