| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2) is the primary molecular target. The probe is designed to selectively detect TrxR2 activity within the mitochondria of living cells.
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| ln Vitro |
In TE buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl and 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4) at 37 °C, mito-TRFS (10 μM) exhibits its maximum absorption at approximately 375 nm[1]. In TE buffer (φ=0.34), mito-TRFS exhibits strong emission at approximately 480 nm when excited at 375 nm, but weak emission at 438 nm[1].
Mito-TRFS is the first off-on probe for imaging the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2) in living cells. The probe is turned on in the presence of active TrxR2, producing a fluorescent signal that correlates with enzyme activity. |
| ln Vivo |
There is no specific in vivo activity data available for this compound. However, as a fluorescent probe for enzyme activity, similar compounds are typically used for real-time imaging of TrxR2 activity in live cells and animal models.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard protocol involves incubating Mito-TRFS (e.g., 5 uM) with isolated mitochondria or purified TrxR2 enzyme and its substrate (NADPH) in a buffer solution (e.g., PBS, pH 7.4) at room temperature. The increase in fluorescence intensity over time is measured using a fluorescence spectrophotometer.
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| Cell Assay |
Immunofluorescence[1].
Cell Types: HeLa cells. Tested Concentrations: 1 μM. Incubation Duration: 2 h . Experimental Results: Mito-TRFS is localized predominantly in the mitochondria of live cells. A general protocol involves seeding cells in a confocal dish and incubating with Mito-TRFS (e.g., 1-10 uM) for 20-30 minutes at 37degC. After washing, live-cell imaging is performed using a confocal microscope. Mitochondrial co-localization can be confirmed using a commercial mitochondrial tracker. |
| Animal Protocol |
A typical protocol for in vivo imaging involves intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of an optimized concentration of Mito-TRFS into a live animal model. After a suitable circulation time (e.g., 30 minutes to 2 hours), the animal is placed under an in vivo imaging system to monitor TrxR2 activity-induced fluorescence.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
General PK properties for small molecule probes are not applicable, as these compounds are typically used for acute imaging. However, formulation can be in PBS or saline with co-solvents like DMSO for in vivo use.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
General toxicity for imaging probes is considered low. For Mito-TRFS, no specific toxicity studies are reported. In similar experiments, incubation with up to 10 uM for 24 hours in cell models shows good biocompatibility and no significant cytotoxicity.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Mito-TRFS is a research tool for studying mitochondrial redox biology, particularly the role of the TrxR2 system in diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This product is for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C38H34IN2O5PS2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
820.695200443268
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| Exact Mass |
820.069
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| CAS # |
1859102-62-7
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| PubChem CID |
154730958
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to green yellow solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
49
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| Complexity |
1060
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[I-].S1CC(CS1)OC(NC1C=CC2C(N(C(C3=CC=CC=1C=23)=O)CCOCC[P+](C1C=CC=CC=1)(C1C=CC=CC=1)C1C=CC=CC=1)=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
UKWAKZCQJRRDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C38H33N2O5PS2.HI/c41-36-32-18-10-17-31-34(39-38(43)45-27-25-47-48-26-27)20-19-33(35(31)32)37(42)40(36)21-22-44-23-24-46(28-11-4-1-5-12-28,29-13-6-2-7-14-29)30-15-8-3-9-16-30;/h1-20,27H,21-26H2;1H
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| Chemical Name |
2-[2-[6-(dithiolan-4-yloxycarbonylamino)-1,3-dioxobenzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl]ethoxy]ethyl-triphenylphosphanium;iodide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2185 mL | 6.0924 mL | 12.1847 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2437 mL | 1.2185 mL | 2.4369 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1218 mL | 0.6092 mL | 1.2185 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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