| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥86%
| Targets |
Carmine does not target a specific protein or enzyme. As a natural pigment and food colorant, its utility is based on its chemical and physical properties as a dye rather than binding to a specific molecular target.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Depending on the formulation, carmine has been employed in biological staining to show nuclei, chromosomes, or mucins selectively[2].
The in vitro activity of Carmine is characterized by its function as a red pigment and histological stain. The compound exhibits strong chromatic properties and is used as a biological stain. Carmine is certified by the Biological Stain Commission for use in histological applications. The dye content is approximately 50.8% carminic acid. |
| ln Vivo |
Carmine is not used as a therapeutic agent. Its in vivo utility is limited to its use as a food colorant and as a histological stain for tissue sections. The compound is not intended for systemic therapeutic use.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro binding assays are not applicable for Carmine as it functions as a pigment and histological stain rather than a drug targeting specific enzymes or receptors. The compound is used in staining protocols where it is applied directly to tissue sections.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, Carmine is used in histological staining procedures. Tissue sections are incubated with the dye solution, and after appropriate washing steps, the stained samples are examined under a microscope. The red pigment provides contrast for the visualization of cellular and tissue structures.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with Carmine are not typically performed, as the compound is primarily used as a food colorant and histological stain. The compound is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic applications in animals.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Carmine have not been characterized, as the compound is a natural pigment and food additive rather than a drug candidate. The compound has a molecular weight of 492.39 g/mol and should be stored under appropriate conditions. The loss on drying is 11%, arsenic is <1 ppm, lead is <10 ppm, and ash content is 4.32%.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Carmine indicates that it is generally recognized as safe for use as a food additive when used in accordance with regulations. However, the compound is not intended for therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be observed when handling this chemical reagent.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Carminic acid appears as a dark purplish-brown mass or a bright red or dark red powder. Its color deepens at 248 °F (120 °C). It dissolves in water to form a deep red color. In acidic aqueous solutions, it is yellow to purple. (NTP, 1992)
Carminic acid is a tetrahydroxyanthraquinone with the structure 1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, substituted with a methyl group at position 8, a carboxyl group at position 7, and a 1,5-dehydrated-D-glucol group linked to position 2 via a C-glycosidic bond. It is a natural dye isolated from various insects (e.g., Dactylopius coccus). It can be used as an animal metabolite and histological dye. It is a tetrahydroxyanthraquinone, monocarboxylic acid, and C-glycosidic compound. It is the conjugate acid of Carminic (2-). Carminic is a pigment extracted from the cochineal insect (Coccus cacti L.). It is used as a dye in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc., and also as a microscope staining agent and biomarker. See also: Cochineal (note moved to). Mechanism of Action The food coloring Carminic acid generates free radicals through a redox cycle. These free radicals readily damage membrane lipids and degrade carbohydrate deoxyribose in the presence of trace amounts of iron salts. Damage to membrane lipids appears to primarily involve organic oxygen free radicals, such as alkoxy radicals and peroxy radicals, while damage to deoxyribose involves hydroxyl radicals formed in Fenton-type reactions. Antioxidants and iron chelators can prevent this damage. The antitumor drug Carminic acid does not bind to DNA but slowly cleaves DNA, with faster cleavage rates during in-situ reduction and even faster cleavage rates during pre-reduction of the quinone moiety. Carmine is a natural red pigment derived from cochineal insects, used as a food additive (E120) and histological stain. It is valued for its natural origin, strong chromatic properties, and excellent heat and light stability. The compound has no clinical or therapeutic applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H20O13
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
492.3864
|
| Exact Mass |
492.09
|
| CAS # |
1390-65-4
|
| PubChem CID |
10255083
|
| Appearance |
Brown to red solid powder
|
| Density |
1.9±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
907.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
136ºC dec
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| Flash Point |
316.1±27.8 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.792
|
| LogP |
4.8
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
13
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
35
|
| Complexity |
864
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
CC1=C2C(=CC(=C1C(=O)O)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3O)O)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
DGQLVPJVXFOQEV-JNVSTXMASA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H20O13/c1-4-8-5(2-6(24)9(4)22(33)34)13(25)10-11(15(8)27)16(28)12(18(30)17(10)29)21-20(32)19(31)14(26)7(3-23)35-21/h2,7,14,19-21,23-24,26,28-32H,3H2,1H3,(H,33,34)/t7-,14-,19+,20-,21+/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]anthracene-2-carboxylic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 125 mg/mL
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0309 mL | 10.1546 mL | 20.3091 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4062 mL | 2.0309 mL | 4.0618 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2031 mL | 1.0155 mL | 2.0309 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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