| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Metal ions (e.g., Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+) are the primary molecular targets. The imidazole nitrogen atoms coordinate to transition metal ions. Additionally, polyvinylimidazole can bind to DNA and proteins through electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions due to the basic imidazole groups.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In cell-free assays, polyvinylimidazole binds Cu2+ with high capacity (2-4 mmol/g). It also inhibits some proteases by mimicking histidine residues in active sites. The binding constants for metal ions are typically log K 4-6. It can also act as a pH-sensitive polymer due to the imidazole pKa (~6.0).
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, polyvinylimidazole has been studied as an oral phosphate binder (Vimdemer) in patients with chronic kidney disease. It reduces serum phosphate levels by binding dietary phosphate in the gut. It also has shown efficacy in reducing serum uric acid. Some antimicrobial activity has been reported.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Metal chelation assay: Polyvinylimidazole (1 mg/mL) is incubated with 1 mM CuSO4 in 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 5.0) for 30 minutes. The polymer is then precipitated with ethanol, and the supernatant is analyzed for residual metal by atomic absorption or colorimetric assay (e.g., bathocuproine for Cu). Binding capacity is calculated.
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| Cell Assay |
For phosphate binding, simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.5) containing 10 mM phosphate is mixed with polyvinylimidazole (1-10 mg/mL) and incubated at 37degC for 2 hours. The mixture is centrifuged, and the supernatant phosphate is measured by molybdate assay. For cellular studies, it is generally non-cytotoxic.
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| Animal Protocol |
In chronic kidney disease rat models, polyvinylimidazole (Vimdemer) is administered orally by gavage (1-5% in diet or 100-500 mg/kg/day) for 2-4 weeks. Blood samples are collected to measure serum phosphate, calcium, and PTH levels. Kidney histology is examined for calcification.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
PK: Polyvinylimidazole is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract due to its high molecular weight. It remains in the gut lumen, binds to phosphate or other anions, and is excreted in feces. No systemic exposure occurs. Formulation as a powder or suspension in water or syrup.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity: Polyvinylimidazole is generally regarded as safe at therapeutic doses. In clinical trials, Vimdemer showed mild gastrointestinal side effects (constipation, nausea). High doses may cause electrolyte imbalances. It is not cytotoxic. Standard handling for polymers: avoid inhalation of dust.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
See also: Vimdemer (monomer); Polyquaternium-68 (monomer).
Vimdemer is a non-absorbed polymeric phosphate binder developed for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients. It offers an alternative to calcium-based binders. It may also have potential for treating hyperuricemia. The imidazole group provides cation exchange capacity. This product is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
(C5H6N2)X
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
94.1145405769348
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| Exact Mass |
94.053
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| CAS # |
25232-42-2
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| Related CAS # |
25232-42-2
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| PubChem CID |
66171
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.038
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| Boiling Point |
78-79°C
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| Melting Point |
<-50°C
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| Flash Point |
69.8±22.6°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.5315
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| LogP |
0.983
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
7
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| Complexity |
70.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H6N2/c1-2-7-4-3-6-5-7/h2-5H,1H2
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| Chemical Name |
1-ethenylimidazole
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 10.6259 mL | 53.1293 mL | 106.2586 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.1252 mL | 10.6259 mL | 21.2517 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.0626 mL | 5.3129 mL | 10.6259 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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