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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
5-Methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid does not have a direct pharmacological target as it is a synthetic intermediate rather than a drug. However, its derivatives and analogs may target enzymes involved in glucose metabolism (for glipizide, which targets ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells) or lipid metabolism (for acipimox, which acts as a nicotinic acid receptor agonist). The compound serves as a key building block for the synthesis of these therapeutic agents.
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| ln Vitro |
As a pharmaceutical intermediate, 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid is not typically evaluated for direct in vitro pharmacological activity. Its biological relevance comes from its conversion to active pharmaceutical ingredients such as glipizide and acipimox. In research settings, the compound may be tested for its chemical reactivity and suitability as a precursor for drug synthesis rather than for direct biological activity in cell-based assays.
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| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo pharmacological activity data are available for 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid itself, as it is a synthetic intermediate rather than a therapeutic agent. The compound is used in the industrial synthesis of drugs that have established in vivo activities: glipizide for type 2 diabetes and acipimox for hyperlipidemia. Its methyl ester derivative is also used in tuberculosis treatment. The compound is not administered directly to animals for pharmacological evaluation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays, 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid can be characterized by standard analytical techniques including HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry to confirm identity and purity. The compound can be evaluated as a substrate or product in enzymatic reactions involving pyrazine-metabolizing enzymes. Typical protocols involve dissolving the compound in appropriate buffers and analyzing reaction mixtures by chromatographic methods. The compound has an XLogP of 0.4 and one rotatable bond.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based studies, 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid is not typically used as a direct test compound due to its role as a synthetic intermediate. If evaluated, it would be dissolved in DMSO or aqueous buffer and diluted in cell culture medium to appropriate concentrations. Cells would be cultured under standard conditions and treated with the compound to assess any potential cellular effects. However, such studies are not common for this intermediate compound.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid is not administered directly as it is a chemical intermediate rather than a drug candidate. The compound is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes to produce active drugs that are subsequently tested in animal models. Storage recommendations typically include keeping the compound in a cool, dry place protected from light. Standard handling procedures for chemical intermediates should be followed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid have not been characterized as it is a synthetic intermediate. The compound has a molecular weight of 138.12, XLogP of 0.4 indicating moderate lipophilicity, one hydrogen bond donor, four hydrogen bond acceptors, and one rotatable bond. The compound is typically stored as a solid at room temperature in a dry environment. Solubility information is available from chemical suppliers.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid are limited as it is a chemical intermediate. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound. The compound is not intended for direct human consumption; it is used exclusively in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Specific LD50 values and detailed toxicological profiles have not been established in the literature for this intermediate compound.
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| Additional Infomation |
5-Methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (CAS 5521-55-1) is a key pharmaceutical intermediate used in the synthesis of glipizide (an antidiabetic sulfonylurea), acipimox (a lipid-lowering agent), and antituberculosis drugs. The compound can be produced by electrolytic oxidation of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine or 2-methyl-5-(substituted)methylpyrazine. It is also known as 3-carboxy-5-methylpyrazine. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals exist for this compound as a drug itself; it is a manufacturing intermediate.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H6N2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
138.12
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| Exact Mass |
138.042
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| CAS # |
5521-55-1
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| PubChem CID |
122831
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| Appearance |
Yellow to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
316.5±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
167-171 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
145.2±26.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.567
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| LogP |
-0.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
138
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C(C1C([H])=NC(C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])N=1)=O
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| InChi Key |
RBYJWCRKFLGNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H6N2O2/c1-4-2-8-5(3-7-4)6(9)10/h2-3H,1H3,(H,9,10)
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| Chemical Name |
5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.2401 mL | 36.2004 mL | 72.4008 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4480 mL | 7.2401 mL | 14.4802 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7240 mL | 3.6200 mL | 7.2401 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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