| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
gamma-Valerolactone does not have a defined pharmacological target as it is a green solvent and fragment molecule. The compound is derived from biomass and is considered a green solvent due to its low toxicity and biodegradability. It is widely used in the production of biofuels, as a solvent in organic synthesis, and as a platform chemical for the generation of other valuable chemicals. It is a fragment molecule for drug discovery.
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| ln Vitro |
An analytical reference standard that is categorized as the prodrug form of gamma-hydroxyvalerate is gamma-valerolactone. 1 The purpose of this product is for forensic and research purposes.
No specific in vitro pharmacological activity data are available for gamma-Valerolactone as a drug candidate. In research settings, the compound is used as a fragment molecule for molecular linking, expansion, and modification in drug discovery. Its activity is assessed in terms of synthetic utility and scaffold value rather than direct biological activity. |
| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo pharmacological activity data have been documented for gamma-Valerolactone as a therapeutic agent. The compound is used as a green solvent and fragment molecule in drug discovery. It is not administered directly to animals for pharmacological evaluation. Its applications are limited to organic synthesis and drug discovery research.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays, gamma-Valerolactone is characterized by standard analytical techniques including GC, NMR, and mass spectrometry to confirm identity and purity. Purity is ≥98.0% by GC. The compound has a melting point of -31°C and boiling point of 207°C. Molecular weight: 100.12. Storage: room temperature in a cool and dark place (<15°C). The compound appears as a colorless to almost colorless clear liquid.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based studies, gamma-Valerolactone is not typically used as a direct test compound. It is used as a green solvent and fragment molecule in drug discovery research. If handled in a biological laboratory context, standard safety precautions should be taken. The compound is a liquid at room temperature.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, gamma-Valerolactone can be formulated using standard injection vehicles. The compound is a liquid at room temperature. Dosing solutions should be freshly prepared and administered according to specific protocols with appropriate control groups. Standard handling procedures for lactones should be followed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
gamma-Valerolactone has a molecular weight of 100.12 and formula C₅H₈O₂. It has a melting point of -31°C and boiling point of 207°C. Purity: ≥98.0% by GC. Storage: room temperature in a cool and dark place (<15°C). The compound appears as a colorless to almost colorless clear liquid. Density: 1.05.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
gamma-Valerolactone is for research use only and not for human consumption. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this chemical. The compound is a flammable liquid and should be kept away from sources of ignition. Appropriate personal protective equipment including gloves and safety glasses should be worn. Specific LD₅₀ values and detailed toxicological profiles have been established for solvent safety assessment.
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| References |
[1]. Andresen-Streichert, H., Jungen, H., Gehl, A., et al. Uptake of gamma-valerolactone--detection of gamma-hydroxyvaleric acid in human urine samples. J. Anal. Toxicol. 37(4), 250-254 (2013).
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| Additional Infomation |
γ-Valactone is a clear, colorless, free-flowing liquid. pH (anhydrous): 7.0. pH (10% distilled aqueous solution): 4.2. (NTP, 1992)
γ-Valactone is a but-4-lactone, a product of dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one with a methyl group substituted at the 5-position. It has been found in human urine samples exposed to n-hexane. It is a flavoring agent and a human xenobiotic metabolite. γ-Valactone has been reported in Fusarium poae, Nicotiana tabacum, and other organisms with relevant data. gamma-Valerolactone (CAS 108-29-2) is also known as γ-valerolactone and GVL. It is derived from biomass and is considered a green solvent due to its low toxicity and biodegradability. Applications include biofuel production, organic synthesis solvent, and fragment molecule in drug discovery. No clinical trials or therapeutic approvals exist. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H8O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
100.12
|
| Exact Mass |
100.052
|
| CAS # |
108-29-2
|
| Related CAS # |
219630-19-0
|
| PubChem CID |
7921
|
| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：1.05 g/cm3）
|
| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
206.6±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
-24 °F (NTP, 1992)
; -31 °C
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| Flash Point |
81.1±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.2±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.431
|
| LogP |
-0.27
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
7
|
| Complexity |
88.1
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O1C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O
|
| InChi Key |
GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H8O2/c1-4-2-3-5(6)7-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
|
| Chemical Name |
5-methyloxolan-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.9880 mL | 49.9401 mL | 99.8801 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.9976 mL | 9.9880 mL | 19.9760 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9988 mL | 4.9940 mL | 9.9880 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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