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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Choline iodide is a source of choline, an essential nutrient that serves as a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and for phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine. The compound's primary targets include cholinergic receptors (nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) and enzymes involved in choline metabolism, such as choline kinase and choline acetyltransferase. As a choline salt, it can be taken up by cells via choline transporters and incorporated into metabolic pathways. The iodide counterion may influence the compound's physicochemical properties.
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| ln Vitro |
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium iodide is a biochemical reagent that can be utilized in studies pertaining to life sciences as an organic substance or biological material.
In vitro, choline iodide is used as a biochemical reagent and as a reference standard for [¹¹C]Choline. It serves as a source of choline in cell culture media and biochemical assays. Choline is an essential nutrient for cell growth and function. The compound is used in studies of choline metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and phospholipid biosynthesis. Cellular assays typically evaluate choline uptake, acetylcholine synthesis, or cell proliferation in choline-deprived conditions. The compound's ability to provide choline to cells makes it valuable for nutritional and metabolic studies. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, choline is an essential nutrient that plays critical roles in liver function, brain development, nerve function, and muscle movement. Choline iodide, as a choline salt, can be administered to provide choline in animal studies. Choline deficiency has been associated with liver disease, neurological disorders, and other health conditions. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic applications. Specific in vivo data for choline iodide as a standalone compound is limited, though choline itself has been extensively studied.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for choline iodide typically evaluate choline-related enzyme activities such as choline kinase, choline acetyltransferase, or acetylcholinesterase. A standard assay protocol involves incubating the compound with purified enzymes or tissue homogenates in appropriate buffer systems containing substrates and cofactors. The compound is dissolved in water or buffer and diluted to working concentrations. Enzyme activity is measured by quantifying product formation using radiometric, colorimetric, or fluorometric methods. IC₅₀ or EC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves. Choline uptake assays can also be performed using radiolabeled choline.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for choline iodide typically evaluate its effects on cell growth, metabolism, and function. A standard protocol involves culturing cells (e.g., neuronal cells, hepatocytes) in choline-deficient or choline-supplemented media containing varying concentrations of choline iodide. Cells are cultured at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation are assessed. Choline uptake is measured using radiolabeled choline. Acetylcholine synthesis is evaluated by measuring acetylcholine levels in cell lysates or media. Phospholipid synthesis is assessed by measuring incorporation of radiolabeled choline into lipids.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for choline iodide typically evaluate the effects of choline supplementation or deficiency. A common protocol involves administering choline iodide to rodents via diet or oral gavage at doses determined from preliminary studies. Animals are maintained on controlled diets. Liver function, neurological function, and other physiological parameters are evaluated. Choline levels in tissues and plasma are measured. The compound's effects on behavior, cognition, and metabolism are assessed. The compound is used to study choline deficiency and its consequences.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for choline iodide indicates that choline is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. The compound has a molecular weight of 231.08 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₅H₁₄INO. It is a solid at room temperature with a melting point of 264°C and is soluble in methanol. The compound is stored at room temperature under inert gas, protected from moisture. Choline is metabolized to betaine and incorporated into phospholipids. The iodide ion is excreted in urine. Specific ADME data for choline iodide is limited.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Choline iodide is classified with signal word "Warning". Hazard statements include H315 (causes skin irritation) and H319 (causes serious eye irritation). Precautionary statements include P264 (wash skin thoroughly after handling), P280 (wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection), P302+P352 (if on skin: wash with plenty of water), P337+P313 (if eye irritation persists: get medical advice/attention), P305+P351+P338 (if in eyes: rinse cautiously with water for several minutes), P362+P364 (take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse), and P332+P313 (if skin irritation occurs: get medical advice/attention). The compound is hygroscopic and should be stored under inert gas.
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| Additional Infomation |
Choline iodide ((2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium iodide, CAS 17773-10-3) is a biochemical reagent with the molecular formula C₅H₁₄INO. It is a source of choline, an essential nutrient, and is used as a reference standard for [¹¹C]Choline. The compound is classified as a research-use-only compound not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is available from multiple commercial suppliers in various pack sizes. No clinical trials or approved drug status exist for this compound as it is not a therapeutic agent.
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| Molecular Formula |
C5H14INO
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| Molecular Weight |
231.08
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| Exact Mass |
231.011
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| CAS # |
17773-10-3
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| PubChem CID |
87300
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
270-272°C
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
46.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[I-].O([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[N+](C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
FNPBHXSBDADRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H14NO.HI/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;iodide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.3275 mL | 21.6375 mL | 43.2751 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8655 mL | 4.3275 mL | 8.6550 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4328 mL | 2.1638 mL | 4.3275 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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