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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Hexadecyl palmitate is a long-chain fatty acid ester that does not have specific biological receptors as its primary targets. As a lipid, it can be incorporated into cell membranes and lipid droplets, where it may influence membrane fluidity and lipid metabolism. The compound's primary applications are as an emollient, thickener, and skin conditioning agent in the cosmetic industry. Its mechanism of action as an emollient involves forming a hydrophobic film on the skin surface, reducing water loss and improving skin texture. The compound is also used as a biochemical reagent in research applications. Its primary value lies in its physicochemical properties as a lipid rather than as a therapeutic agent.
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| ln Vitro |
In research pertaining to life sciences, hexadecyl palmitate is a biochemical reagent that can be utilized as an organic compound or biological material.
In vitro, hexadecyl palmitate is used as an organic compound for life science research. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as an emollient, thickener, and skin conditioning agent. Cellular assays may evaluate its effects on cell membranes, lipid metabolism, or skin cells. The compound's lipophilic nature allows it to be incorporated into lipid bilayers and affect membrane properties. It is used in studies of lipid metabolism, skin barrier function, and cosmetic formulation development. The compound's biocompatibility makes it suitable for various research applications. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, hexadecyl palmitate is used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in cosmetic and personal care products. When applied topically, it forms a hydrophobic film on the skin surface, reducing transepidermal water loss and improving skin texture. The compound is considered safe for topical use and is widely used in cosmetic formulations. Systemic absorption is minimal due to its high lipophilicity and large molecular weight. The compound is also used as a biochemical reagent in research applications. Specific therapeutic applications are limited.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for hexadecyl palmitate typically evaluate its effects on skin cells, membrane properties, or lipid metabolism. A standard protocol involves culturing keratinocytes or fibroblasts in growth medium at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound (typically dissolved in DMSO or ethanol). Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays. Membrane fluidity is evaluated using fluorescent membrane probes. Lipid metabolism is assessed by measuring lipid accumulation or fatty acid oxidation. The compound's effects on skin barrier function can be evaluated in reconstructed skin models. IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for hexadecyl palmitate typically evaluate its effects on skin cells or lipid metabolism. A standard protocol involves culturing keratinocytes, fibroblasts, or adipocytes in growth medium at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays. Lipid accumulation is evaluated using Oil Red O staining or lipid quantification. Gene expression related to lipid metabolism is analyzed by qRT-PCR. The compound's effects on cell proliferation and differentiation are assessed. IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for hexadecyl palmitate are typically conducted to evaluate its safety and efficacy as a cosmetic ingredient. A common protocol involves topical application of the compound to the skin of rodents or other animals. Skin irritation and sensitization are assessed. Skin barrier function is evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss. Histopathological examination of skin tissues is performed. Systemic toxicity is assessed by monitoring body weight, clinical signs, and organ histopathology. The compound's safety profile as a cosmetic ingredient is established through these studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for hexadecyl palmitate indicates that it is poorly absorbed systemically due to its high lipophilicity and large molecular weight. The compound has a molecular weight of 480.86 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₃₂H₆₄O₂. It is a solid at room temperature with a melting point of 53.0-56.0°C. When applied topically, it remains on the skin surface and in the stratum corneum. If ingested, it is hydrolyzed by lipases to cetyl alcohol and palmitic acid, which are absorbed and metabolized through normal lipid pathways. Specific ADME data is available from the published literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
It is safe at the current usage and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and usage information can be found at: https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org Hexadecyl palmitate is generally recognized as safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products. The compound is classified for research use and as a cosmetic ingredient. Standard safety precautions include handling with appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety goggles) in a well-ventilated area. The compound should be stored in a dry, cool place away from incompatible materials. Acute toxicity is low. No significant toxicity is expected at normal usage levels. No specific LD₅₀ values are available in the public domain. |
| Additional Infomation |
Palmityl Palmityl is a palmitic ester, a product of the condensation of palmitic acid and palmitol. It is used in cosmetics as a thickener and emollient, and is also a metabolite. Its function is related to hexadecane-1-ol. Cetyl Palmityl has been reported to be found in common wheat (Triticum aestivum), guava (Psidium guajava), and foliage plants (Lobophytum), and relevant data have been published.
Hexadecyl palmitate (Cetyl palmitate, Palmitic acid hexadecyl ester, CAS 540-10-3) is a biochemical reagent with the molecular formula C₃₂H₆₄O₂. It is a long-chain fatty acid ester used as an emollient, thickener, and skin conditioning agent in cosmetic and personal care products. The compound is classified as a research-use-only compound and as a cosmetic ingredient. It is available from multiple commercial suppliers in various pack sizes. No clinical trials or approved drug status exist for this compound as it is not a therapeutic agent. Its applications are limited to research and cosmetic formulation. |
| Molecular Formula |
C32H64O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
480.86
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| Exact Mass |
480.49
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| CAS # |
540-10-3
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| Related CAS # |
Hexadecyl palmitate-d3;1398066-15-3
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| PubChem CID |
10889
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
507.0±18.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
55-56 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
269.8±11.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.455
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| LogP |
15.59
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
30
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| Heavy Atom Count |
34
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| Complexity |
379
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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| InChi Key |
PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C32H64O2/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-31-34-32(33)30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-31H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
hexadecyl hexadecanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0796 mL | 10.3980 mL | 20.7961 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4159 mL | 2.0796 mL | 4.1592 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2080 mL | 1.0398 mL | 2.0796 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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