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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As a solvent and pharmaceutical excipient, isosorbide dimethyl ether does not have specific biological receptors as its primary targets. The compound is used as a specialty solvent and penetration aid in pharmaceutical formulations. Its mechanism of action as a penetration enhancer involves transiently disrupting the stratum corneum lipid barrier, allowing for increased permeation of active pharmaceutical ingredients through the skin. The compound's bio-based nature and low toxicity profile make it an attractive alternative to traditional solvents such as NMP and DMF. Its primary applications are as a solvent and excipient rather than as a therapeutic agent.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, isosorbide dimethyl ether is used as a biochemical reagent and bio-based solvent. It is employed as a specialty solvent for active ingredients, particularly dihydroxyacetone for sunless tanning products. The compound is used in the preparation of sustainable ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes. It may be utilized as a pharmaceutical excipient, such as a solvent and penetration aid. Cellular assays are typically performed on the final formulations containing this compound as an excipient. Its solvent properties make it valuable for various biochemical and pharmaceutical applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for isosorbide dimethyl ether is limited, as it is primarily used as a solvent and excipient. The compound is classified for research use and as a pharmaceutical excipient. As a penetration enhancer, it is used topically to improve drug absorption through the skin. The compound is considered a bio-based green solvent with a favorable safety profile. Specific in vivo data for therapeutic applications is limited. The compound's primary value lies in its use as a solvent, excipient, and penetration aid in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for isosorbide dimethyl ether typically evaluate its solvent properties, penetration enhancement, or membrane effects. A standard protocol involves using the compound as a solvent to dissolve active ingredients or as a penetration enhancer in skin permeation studies. Skin permeation is assessed using Franz diffusion cells with human or animal skin. The compound is applied topically, and the permeation of active ingredients through the skin is measured over time. The compound's effectiveness as a penetration enhancer is evaluated by comparing permeation rates with and without the compound.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for isosorbide dimethyl ether typically evaluate its cytotoxicity or effects on cell membranes. A standard protocol involves culturing appropriate cell lines (e.g., keratinocytes, fibroblasts) in growth medium at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays. Membrane integrity is evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release or using fluorescent membrane permeability dyes. IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves. The compound's solvent properties require careful handling and appropriate controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for isosorbide dimethyl ether are typically conducted to evaluate its safety as a solvent or excipient. A common protocol involves administering the compound to rodents via topical application, oral gavage, or intravenous injection at doses determined from preliminary studies. Skin irritation and sensitization studies are performed for topical applications. Systemic toxicity is evaluated by monitoring body weight, clinical signs, and organ histopathology. Pharmacokinetic studies may be conducted to assess absorption and distribution. The compound's safety profile as a pharmaceutical excipient is established through these studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for isosorbide dimethyl ether is limited. The compound has a molecular weight of 174.19 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₈H₁₄O₄. It is a liquid at room temperature with a boiling point of 93-95°C at 0.1 mmHg. As a small, polar molecule, it is expected to be absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract. The compound is metabolized and excreted primarily in urine. Its bio-based nature suggests a favorable environmental and toxicological profile. Specific ADME data is limited.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Isosorbide dimethyl ether is generally considered safe for use as a solvent and pharmaceutical excipient. The compound is classified for research use and as a pharmaceutical excipient. Standard safety precautions include handling with appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety goggles) in a well-ventilated area. The compound should be stored in a dry, cool place away from incompatible materials. Acute toxicity data is limited. As a bio-based solvent, it is considered to have a lower toxicity profile compared to traditional organic solvents. No specific LD₅₀ values are available in the public domain.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
See also: Calcium Sulfate (related); Aluminum Chloride (related); Talc (related) ... View More ...
Isosorbide dimethyl ether (Dimethyl isosorbide, DMI, CAS 5306-85-4) is a biochemical reagent and bio-based solvent with the molecular formula C₈H₁₄O₄. It is used as a specialty solvent, penetration aid, and pharmaceutical excipient. The compound is classified as a research-use-only compound and as a pharmaceutical excipient. It is available from multiple commercial suppliers in various pack sizes. No clinical trials or approved drug status exist for this compound as it is not a therapeutic agent. Its applications are limited to research, formulation development, and as a solvent. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H14O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
174.19
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| Exact Mass |
174.089
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| CAS # |
5306-85-4
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| PubChem CID |
62990
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：1.15 g/cm3）
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
236.4±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
-70°C
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| Flash Point |
108.3±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.1±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.466
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| LogP |
-0.65
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
143
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
CO[C@@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@H](CO[C@H]12)OC
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| InChi Key |
MEJYDZQQVZJMPP-ULAWRXDQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H14O4/c1-9-5-3-11-8-6(10-2)4-12-7(5)8/h5-8H,3-4H2,1-2H3/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3S,3aR,6R,6aR)-3,6-dimethoxy-2,3,3a,5,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.7409 mL | 28.7043 mL | 57.4086 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1482 mL | 5.7409 mL | 11.4817 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5741 mL | 2.8704 mL | 5.7409 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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