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| Targets |
2-Chloro-5-iodopyridine is a synthetic intermediate and biochemical reagent rather than a direct pharmacological agent. As a building block, it does not have specific biological receptors as its primary targets. The halogenated pyridine scaffold is a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry, and the compound's chlorine and iodine substituents provide handles for diverse chemical transformations. The iodine atom enables cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Sonogashira, and Buchwald-Hartwig couplings. The chlorine substituent can undergo nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The compound is used in the synthesis of (±)-epibatidine, a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 2-chloro-5-iodopyridine is used as a biochemical reagent and organic compound for biomedical research. It is used as a reagent in the multi-step synthesis of (±)-epibatidine. It may be used in the synthesis of 2-chloro-5-phenylpyridine via Suzuki coupling reaction with phenylboronic acid dimethyl ester. Cellular assays are typically performed on the final compounds synthesized from this building block rather than on the building block itself. The compound's halogenated scaffold allows for various chemical transformations, making it valuable for drug discovery and chemical synthesis.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for 2-chloro-5-iodopyridine is limited, as it is primarily a research reagent and synthetic intermediate. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic applications. However, epibatidine and other compounds synthesized using this building block have been investigated for their biological activities. The compound's primary value lies in its use as a synthetic intermediate for preparing bioactive molecules. Specific in vivo data for the parent compound is not available in the public literature. The compound is not a therapeutic agent itself.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for 2-chloro-5-iodopyridine are not typically performed, as it is primarily a synthetic intermediate. The compound is used as a building block in organic synthesis, including Suzuki coupling reactions. A typical assay involves using the compound in chemical reactions to prepare final compounds. The compound is dissolved in organic solvents such as DMSO or THF. The resulting products can be evaluated for biological activity. Receptor binding or enzyme inhibition assays can be performed on the final synthesized compounds. IC₅₀ or binding affinity values are calculated from dose-response curves. The compound's reactivity requires careful handling.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for 2-chloro-5-iodopyridine are not standard, as the compound is primarily a synthetic intermediate. The compound is used in the preparation of epibatidine and other bioactive molecules. A typical protocol for evaluating the biological activity of synthesized compounds involves culturing appropriate cell lines in growth medium at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Cells are treated with synthesized compounds at varying concentrations for 24-72 hours. Cell viability, proliferation, or specific signaling readouts (e.g., nicotinic receptor activity for epibatidine analogs) are assessed. IC₅₀ or EC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 2-chloro-5-iodopyridine are not standard, as it is a synthetic intermediate rather than a therapeutic candidate. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary applications. Any animal studies would typically be conducted on the final compounds synthesized using this building block, such as epibatidine analogs. These studies would evaluate efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety in appropriate animal models. The compound's primary value lies in its use as a synthetic intermediate.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 2-chloro-5-iodopyridine is limited, as it is primarily a research reagent. The compound has a molecular weight of 239.44 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₅H₃ClIN. It is a solid at room temperature with a melting point of 95-98°C. It has a pKa of -2.00±0.10. The compound is insoluble in water and is light sensitive. It is stored in a dark place, sealed in dry conditions at room temperature. As a halogenated pyridine, it may undergo metabolic dehalogenation and oxidation. Specific ADME data is not available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2-Chloro-5-iodopyridine is classified as an irritant (Xi) and harmful (Xn) with Risk Statements R36/37/38 (Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin) and R20/22 (Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed). Safety Statements include S26 (In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice), S36 (Wear suitable protective clothing), and S22 (Do not breathe dust). It has a WGK of 3. The compound is light sensitive. Standard safety precautions include handling with appropriate PPE in a well-ventilated area.
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| Additional Infomation |
2-Chloro-5-iodopyridine (CAS 69045-79-0) is a biochemical reagent with the molecular formula C₅H₃ClIN. It is a halogenated pyridine derivative used as a synthetic intermediate in the preparation of epibatidine and other bioactive molecules. The compound is classified as a research-use-only compound not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is available from multiple commercial suppliers in various pack sizes. No clinical trials or approved drug status exist for this compound as it is not a therapeutic agent. Its applications are limited to research and chemical synthesis.
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| Molecular Formula |
C5H3CLIN
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
239.44
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| Exact Mass |
238.899
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| CAS # |
69045-79-0
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| PubChem CID |
4397176
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
2.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
253.2±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
95-98 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
106.9±21.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.642
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| LogP |
2.4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
78.8
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
IC1=C([H])N=C(C([H])=C1[H])Cl
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| InChi Key |
QWLGCWXSNYKKDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H3ClIN/c6-5-2-1-4(7)3-8-5/h1-3H
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| Chemical Name |
2-chloro-5-iodopyridine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1764 mL | 20.8821 mL | 41.7641 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8353 mL | 4.1764 mL | 8.3528 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4176 mL | 2.0882 mL | 4.1764 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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