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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Palmitic anhydride is a chemical intermediate and acylating agent rather than a direct pharmacological agent. As a synthetic intermediate, it does not have specific biological receptors as its primary targets. The compound's primary function is to introduce palmitoyl (C16:0 acyl) groups onto nucleophilic substrates such as amines and alcohols through acylation reactions. This modification is important in the synthesis of various lipidated compounds, including N-palmitoyl chitosan, phospholipids, and other fatty acid derivatives. The palmitoyl group can influence the physicochemical properties of target molecules, including lipophilicity, membrane affinity, and biological activity.
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| ln Vitro |
A biochemical reagent called palmitic anhydride can be utilized in life science research as an organic compound or biological material.
In vitro, palmitic anhydride is used as an acylating agent and chemical intermediate. It is used in the synthesis of water-soluble N-palmitoyl chitosan by coupling with swollen chitosan in DMSO. The compound serves as a versatile building block for various compounds and materials, including surfactants, emulsifiers, and other derivatives in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Cellular assays are typically performed on the final compounds synthesized from this building block rather than on the anhydride itself. The compound's reactivity as an anhydride makes it valuable for introducing palmitoyl groups onto biomolecules and materials. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for palmitic anhydride is limited, as it is primarily a research reagent and synthetic intermediate. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic applications. As an anhydride, it would be rapidly hydrolyzed to palmitic acid in aqueous environments. Palmitic acid is a common dietary fatty acid with various physiological roles. The compound's primary value lies in its use as a synthetic intermediate for preparing palmitoylated compounds that may have biological activities. Specific in vivo data for the parent compound is not available in the public literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for palmitic anhydride are not typically performed, as it is primarily a synthetic intermediate. The compound is used as an acylating agent and building block in organic synthesis. A typical assay involves using the compound in chemical reactions to acylate amines or alcohols. The compound is dissolved in organic solvents such as DMSO or dichloromethane. The resulting acylated products can be evaluated for biological activity. Enzyme inhibition or receptor binding assays can be performed on the final synthesized compounds. IC₅₀ or binding affinity values are calculated from dose-response curves. The compound's reactivity requires careful handling.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for palmitic anhydride are not standard, as the compound is primarily a synthetic intermediate. The compound is used in the preparation of palmitoylated compounds such as N-palmitoyl chitosan. A typical protocol for evaluating the biological activity of synthesized compounds involves culturing appropriate cell lines in growth medium at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Cells are treated with synthesized compounds at varying concentrations. Cell viability, proliferation, or specific signaling readouts are assessed. IC₅₀ or EC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves. The compound itself is not typically tested in cellular assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for palmitic anhydride are not standard, as it is a synthetic intermediate rather than a therapeutic candidate. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary applications. Any animal studies would typically be conducted on the final palmitoylated compounds synthesized using this building block. These studies would evaluate efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety in appropriate animal models. The compound's primary value lies in its use as a synthetic intermediate for preparing various lipophilic compounds.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for palmitic anhydride is limited, as it is primarily a research reagent. The compound has a molecular weight of 494.83 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₃₂H₆₂O₃. It is a solid at room temperature with a melting point of 61-64°C. It has a LogP of 14.107. The compound is stored at 2-8°C and is soluble in toluene. As an anhydride, it is reactive and will hydrolyze in aqueous environments to palmitic acid. Specific ADME data is not available. The compound's high lipophilicity suggests poor aqueous solubility.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Palmitic anhydride is classified as a corrosive substance (Hazard Code C) with Risk Statement R34 (Causes burns). Safety Statements include S26 (In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice), S36/37/39 (Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection), and S45 (In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately). The compound has a WGK of 3. It is classified as UN 3261, Class 8, Packing Group II. Standard safety precautions include handling with appropriate PPE in a well-ventilated area.
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| Additional Infomation |
Palmitic anhydride (Palmitic acid anhydride, CAS 623-65-4) is a biochemical reagent with the molecular formula C₃₂H₆₂O₃. It is a long-chain aliphatic acid anhydride used as an acylating agent and building block for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and surfactants. The compound is classified as a research-use-only compound not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is available from multiple commercial suppliers in various pack sizes. No clinical trials or approved drug status exist for this compound as it is not a therapeutic agent.
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| Molecular Formula |
C32H62O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
494.83
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| Exact Mass |
494.47
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| CAS # |
623-65-4
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| PubChem CID |
69339
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.887 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
488.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
61-64 °C(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.458
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| LogP |
11.018
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
30
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| Heavy Atom Count |
35
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| Complexity |
406
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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| InChi Key |
QWZBEFCPZJWDKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C32H62O3/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-31(33)35-32(34)30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-30H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
hexadecanoyl hexadecanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0209 mL | 10.1045 mL | 20.2090 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4042 mL | 2.0209 mL | 4.0418 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2021 mL | 1.0104 mL | 2.0209 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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