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| Targets |
3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole is a peroxidase substrate that does not have specific biological receptors as its primary targets. Its mechanism of action involves enzymatic oxidation by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The oxidized product forms an insoluble red-colored precipitate at the site of enzyme activity, allowing for the detection and localization of target antigens in immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The compound's primary applications are as a chromogenic substrate for detecting HRP-labeled antibodies in immunoassays.
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| ln Vitro |
In research pertaining to life sciences, 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole is a biochemical reagent that can be utilized as an organic substance or biological material..
In vitro, 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole is used as a peroxidase substrate for immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining procedures. The substrate produces an insoluble red-colored terminal product that can be observed by the naked eye or under visible light. It is used to detect HRP-labeled antibodies in various immunoassays, including Western blotting, ELISA, and tissue staining. Cellular assays typically involve staining cells or tissue sections with AEC to visualize antigen expression. The compound's chromogenic properties make it valuable for histochemical and immunochemical applications. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole is not used as a therapeutic agent but as a research reagent for immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic applications. Its primary applications are in diagnostic research and histology for detecting antigens in tissue sections. The compound's ability to produce a red-colored precipitate allows for visual observation of antigen distribution in tissues.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole typically evaluate its use as a peroxidase substrate. A standard protocol involves preparing a solution of the substrate in appropriate buffer (e.g., acetate buffer, pH 5.0) with hydrogen peroxide. The substrate solution is applied to immunoblots or tissue sections that have been incubated with HRP-conjugated antibodies. The development of a red-brown color indicates the presence of the target antigen. The reaction is stopped by washing with water. The intensity and localization of staining reflect the abundance and distribution of the target antigen.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole typically involve immunohistochemical staining of cultured cells or tissue sections. A standard protocol involves fixing cells or tissue sections and incubating with primary antibodies against the target antigen, followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies. The AEC substrate solution is applied and the development of red-brown color is monitored microscopically. Stained samples are observed under a light microscope. The compound's chromogenic properties allow for visualization of antigen expression and localization.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole are not standard, as it is primarily a histochemical reagent rather than a therapeutic candidate. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary applications. Any animal studies would be limited to evaluating the compound's use in immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections from animal models. The compound's primary value lies in its use as a research tool for detecting antigens in tissues.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole is not applicable, as it is a histochemical reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. The compound has a molecular weight of 210.28 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₁₄H₁₄N₂. It is a solid at room temperature with a melting point of 85-88°C. When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen. The compound is stored in a dry, cool place. Specific ADME data is not available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Non-Human Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 in rats: 144 mg/kg Intraperitoneal LD50 in mice: 150 mg/kg 3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary applications. Standard safety precautions include handling with appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety goggles) in a well-ventilated area. When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen. The compound should be stored in a dry, cool place away from incompatible materials. Acute toxicity data is not readily available in the public literature. As with all research chemicals, appropriate laboratory safety practices should be followed. |
| Additional Infomation |
3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole is a brown powder. (NTP, 1992)
9-Ethyl-3-carbazoleamine is a type of carbazole compound. 3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC, CAS 132-32-1) is a biochemical reagent with the molecular formula C₁₄H₁₄N₂. It is a peroxidase substrate used for immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining, producing an insoluble red-colored product. It is also used as an organic pigment intermediate for the production of permanent violet RL. The compound is classified as a research-use-only compound not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is available from multiple commercial suppliers in various pack sizes. No clinical trials or approved drug status exist for this compound as it is not a therapeutic agent. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H14N2
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| Molecular Weight |
210.28
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| Exact Mass |
210.115
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| CAS # |
132-32-1
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| Related CAS # |
6109-97-3 (hydrochloride)
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| PubChem CID |
8588
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
420.9±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
208 to 212 °F (NTP, 1992)
; 127 °C
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| Flash Point |
208.4±23.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.647
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| LogP |
3.24
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
253
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)N)C3=CC=CC=C31
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| InChi Key |
OXEUETBFKVCRNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H14N2/c1-2-16-13-6-4-3-5-11(13)12-9-10(15)7-8-14(12)16/h3-9H,2,15H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
9-ethylcarbazol-3-amine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.7556 mL | 23.7778 mL | 47.5556 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9511 mL | 4.7556 mL | 9.5111 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4756 mL | 2.3778 mL | 4.7556 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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