| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
3-Indolyl-β-D-glucuronide cyclohexanamine is a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme β-glucuronidase (GUS). As a substrate, it does not have specific biological receptors as its primary targets. The compound's mechanism of action involves enzymatic cleavage by β-glucuronidase, which releases an indoxyl intermediate that dimerizes to form an insoluble blue-purple precipitate. This colorimetric reaction allows for the detection and localization of gene expression in tissues and cells. The compound's primary applications are as a histochemical reagent for studying gene expression patterns.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide cyclohexanamine is used as a chromogenic substrate for β-glucuronidase to detect and localize gene expression in tissues and cells. The active ingredient of the stain, β-glucuronidase (GUS), reacts with the enzyme, causing the target gene to appear blue-purple in tissues or cells, allowing for visual observation of expression levels and tissue distribution. Cellular assays typically involve staining cells or tissues with the substrate and visualizing the blue-purple precipitate under a microscope. The compound's sensitivity and specificity make it valuable for gene expression studies.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide cyclohexanamine is used to detect gene expression in transgenic organisms expressing the GUS reporter gene. The compound is typically applied to plant tissues or other biological samples, where it is cleaved by endogenous or reporter β-glucuronidase to produce a blue-purple color. This allows for visual observation of gene expression patterns and tissue distribution. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for 3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide cyclohexanamine typically evaluate its activity as a substrate for β-glucuronidase. A standard protocol involves incubating the compound with purified β-glucuronidase enzyme or tissue homogenates containing the enzyme in appropriate buffer systems (e.g., phosphate buffer, pH 7.0). The compound is dissolved in buffer or DMSO and diluted to working concentrations. Enzyme activity is measured by monitoring the development of blue color (indigo precipitate) over time using spectrophotometry or by visual inspection. The reaction can be quantified by measuring absorbance at specific wavelengths.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for 3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide cyclohexanamine typically involve staining cells or tissues expressing the GUS reporter gene. A standard protocol involves fixing cells or tissues and incubating them with a solution containing the substrate (typically 1-2 mM) in appropriate buffer at 37°C for several hours to overnight. The development of blue-purple precipitate indicates GUS activity and thus gene expression. Stained samples are observed under a microscope. The intensity and distribution of staining reflect the level and pattern of gene expression. The compound is a key component of the widely used GUS staining system.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide cyclohexanamine are not standard, as it is primarily used as a histochemical reagent for gene expression studies in plants and other organisms. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic applications. Any animal studies would be limited to evaluating gene expression patterns in transgenic animals expressing the GUS reporter gene. The compound's primary value lies in its use as a research tool for studying gene expression.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide cyclohexanamine is limited, as it is primarily a histochemical reagent. The compound has a molecular weight of 408.45 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₇. It is a solid at room temperature and is stored at 4°C, protected from light. As a glucuronide conjugate, it is expected to be stable in biological systems and is cleaved by β-glucuronidase to release the chromophore. Specific ADME data is not available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
3-Indolyl-β-D-glucuronide cyclohexanamine is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary applications. Standard safety precautions include handling with appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety goggles) in a well-ventilated area. The compound should be stored at 4°C, protected from light. Acute toxicity data is not readily available in the public literature. As with all research chemicals, appropriate laboratory safety practices should be followed. No specific LD₅₀ values or detailed toxicological profiles are available in the public domain.
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| References |
[1]. Kim SA, et al. Localization of iron in Arabidopsis seed requires the vacuolar membrane transporter VIT1. Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1295-8.
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| Additional Infomation |
3-Indolyl-β-D-glucuronide cyclohexanamine (Indole β-D-glucuronide CHA salt, IBDG, CAS 216971-58-3) is a chromogenic substrate for β-glucuronidase with the molecular formula C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₇. It is the glucose component of X-Gluc staining buffer and is used to detect gene expression by producing a blue-purple precipitate. The compound is classified as a research-use-only compound not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is available from multiple commercial suppliers in various pack sizes. No clinical trials or approved drug status exist for this compound as it is not a therapeutic agent.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H28N2O7
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
408.45
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| Exact Mass |
408.19
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| CAS # |
216971-58-3
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| PubChem CID |
2733784
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
669ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
358.4ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
8.25E-19mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
1.417
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
29
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| Complexity |
466
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O3)O)O)O.C1CCC(CC1)N
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| InChi Key |
YGIPNZMTCTUCAX-CYRSAHDMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H15NO7.C6H13N/c16-9-10(17)12(13(19)20)22-14(11(9)18)21-8-5-15-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)8;7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,9-12,14-18H,(H,19,20);6H,1-5,7H2/t9-,10-,11+,12-,14+;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
cyclohexanamine;(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(1H-indol-3-yloxy)oxane-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4483 mL | 12.2414 mL | 24.4828 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4897 mL | 2.4483 mL | 4.8966 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2448 mL | 1.2241 mL | 2.4483 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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