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| Targets |
Phosphoric acid sodium hydrate does not have a specific biological target as it is an inorganic salt and buffer reagent rather than a pharmacologically active compound. Its function is physicochemical: it serves as a source of phosphate ions that maintain pH through the phosphate buffer system (H₂PO₄⁻/HPO₄²⁻). In biological systems, phosphate is an essential nutrient and a component of ATP, nucleic acids, and cell membranes. However, as a reagent, this compound is used to provide buffering capacity rather than to interact with specific molecular targets. Its mechanism of action is purely chemical—maintaining hydrogen ion concentration in aqueous solutions.
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| ln Vitro |
Phosphoric acid sodium hydrate exhibits no pharmacological activity in vitro as it is a buffer reagent. Its utility is demonstrated in biochemical assays where it maintains physiological pH (typically 6.0-8.0) during enzymatic reactions, protein purification, and nucleic acid analysis. The compound is used to prepare phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), a common buffer for cell culture and immunoassays. In chromatography, phosphate buffers are used as mobile phases for ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The compound does not participate in or inhibit biochemical reactions directly, but rather provides a stable ionic environment that supports biological processes.
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| ln Vivo |
Phosphoric acid sodium hydrate is not a pharmacologically active agent and does not exhibit in vivo activity in the traditional sense. When administered orally, phosphate salts can act as laxatives by drawing water into the intestinal lumen through osmotic effects. However, this is a physicochemical effect rather than receptor-mediated pharmacological activity. The compound is primarily used as a buffering agent in laboratory and industrial applications. No therapeutic efficacy beyond its use as a phosphate supplement or laxative is attributed to this compound. Its role in biological systems is nutritional (providing phosphate) and physicochemical (buffering).
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays involving phosphoric acid sodium hydrate typically use the compound as a buffer component rather than as a test agent. A standard protocol involves preparing phosphate buffer at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mM, adjusting the pH to the desired value (typically 7.4) with NaOH or HCl. The buffer is then used to dissolve substrates, enzymes, or receptor preparations. For receptor binding studies, membranes are incubated in phosphate buffer containing radiolabeled ligands, followed by filtration and scintillation counting. Control experiments are performed to ensure that phosphate ions do not interfere with the specific assay being conducted.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture protocols using phosphoric acid sodium hydrate typically involve incorporating the compound into cell culture media as part of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or supplemented media. PBS is prepared by dissolving the compound in water along with sodium chloride and potassium chloride, then sterilized by autoclaving or filtration. For cell washing and trypsinization, PBS is used at concentrations of 10-50 mM phosphate. For media supplementation, phosphate is typically present at 0.5-1 mM as a nutrient source. The compound itself is not used as a test agent but as a component of the culture environment. Standard cell viability assays (MTT, trypan blue exclusion) can be performed in phosphate-buffered systems.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies involving phosphoric acid sodium hydrate are primarily toxicological evaluations or studies of phosphate metabolism. For toxicity studies, the compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally to rodents at various doses. Animals are monitored for clinical signs, body weight changes, and mortality. Blood samples are collected for analysis of serum electrolytes and kidney function markers. Histopathological examination of major organs (kidney, liver, heart) is performed at study termination. For phosphate metabolism studies, radiolabeled phosphate is administered and its distribution and excretion are tracked. The compound is not used as a therapeutic test article in efficacy studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of phosphoric acid sodium hydrate are well understood as phosphate is an endogenous substance. Following oral administration, phosphate is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract via active transport and passive diffusion. Absorbed phosphate is distributed throughout the body, with the majority stored in bone as hydroxyapatite. Phosphate is primarily excreted by the kidneys, with renal reabsorption regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. The elimination half-life is not applicable as phosphate is a normal constituent of the body. The compound is not metabolized but participates in phosphate homeostasis.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Phosphoric acid sodium hydrate has low toxicity at concentrations used for buffering applications. The compound is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food applications (E339). At high oral doses, phosphate salts can cause gastrointestinal irritation, diarrhea, and electrolyte imbalances. The compound is not classified as a carcinogen, mutagen, or reproductive toxicant. It may cause eye and skin irritation upon contact. Standard laboratory precautions (gloves, safety glasses) are recommended. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials.
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| Additional Infomation |
See also: ...View more...
Phosphoric acid sodium hydrate is a versatile reagent used in molecular biology, biochemistry, and analytical chemistry for buffer preparation. It is a component of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), which is one of the most commonly used buffers in biological research. The compound is also used in the food industry as an acidity regulator and emulsifying salt (E339). In pharmaceutical applications, it is used as a laxative and as an excipient in tablet formulations. The compound meets multiple pharmacopoeia standards including BP, Ph. Eur., USP, and FCC. It has not undergone clinical trials as a drug but is approved for use as a food additive and pharmaceutical excipient. Its mechanism of action is physicochemical—providing phosphate ions for buffering and nutritional purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
H6NAO6P
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
156.01
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| Exact Mass |
155.98
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| CAS # |
13472-35-0
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| Related CAS # |
Anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate;7558-80-7;Sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate;10049-21-5
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| PubChem CID |
23673460
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1,915 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
158ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
60 °C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.4629
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
61.9
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O.O.OP(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
VBJGJHBYWREJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/Na.H3O4P.2H2O/c;1-5(2,3)4;;/h;(H3,1,2,3,4);2*1H2/q+1;;;/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;dihydrogen phosphate;dihydrate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (640.98 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.4098 mL | 32.0492 mL | 64.0985 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2820 mL | 6.4098 mL | 12.8197 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6410 mL | 3.2049 mL | 6.4098 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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