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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
2-Ethylhexyl sulfate sodium does not have a specific biological target as it is an industrial surfactant rather than a pharmacologically active compound. Its mechanism of action is physicochemical: the molecule adsorbs at interfaces, reducing surface and interfacial tension. In biological systems, surfactants can disrupt cell membranes by intercalating into lipid bilayers, leading to increased membrane permeability and potential cell lysis. However, 2-EHS is not designed or used for therapeutic purposes. Its interactions are non-specific and depend on concentration, with membrane disruption occurring at concentrations above the CMC. In industrial applications, its "target" is the surface or interface where wetting, spreading, or emulsification is required.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 2-ethylhexyl sulfate sodium exhibits surfactant activity characterized by its ability to reduce surface tension and stabilize emulsions. The compound maintains full surfactant activity in 15-20% NaOH and concentrated salt baths—conditions where linear alkyl sulfates such as SDS fail. Its low-foaming profile prevents gas entrapment in high-agitation processes. In cell-based assays, surfactants like 2-EHS can cause concentration-dependent cytotoxicity due to membrane disruption. Typical IC₅₀ values for cytotoxicity in mammalian cell lines range from 50-500 µM, depending on cell type and exposure duration. The compound is not used as a therapeutic agent but rather as a formulation excipient or processing aid.
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| ln Vivo |
2-Ethylhexyl sulfate sodium is not used as a therapeutic agent and therefore does not exhibit in vivo pharmacological activity. Its effects in biological systems are limited to surfactant-related phenomena such as membrane perturbation and solubilization. When administered systemically, surfactants can cause hemolysis, tissue irritation, and disruption of biological barriers. However, 2-EHS is primarily used in industrial and formulation contexts rather than in vivo studies. No therapeutic efficacy has been reported for this compound. Its role in pharmaceutical applications is limited to use as an excipient in topical or oral formulations where its surfactant properties aid in drug solubilization or absorption enhancement.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays are not applicable to 2-ethylhexyl sulfate sodium as the compound is not a biologically active agent with specific molecular targets. Standard characterization of this surfactant includes measurement of surface tension using a tensiometer, determination of critical micelle concentration by conductivity or fluorescence methods, and assessment of foaming properties. For quality control, the active matter content is typically determined by titration or gravimetric analysis. The compound's performance in wetting and emulsification tests can be evaluated using standard protocols such as the Draves wetting test or emulsion stability measurements.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays with 2-ethylhexyl sulfate sodium are typically cytotoxicity studies to assess the safety of the surfactant for use in formulations. A standard protocol involves culturing mammalian cells (e.g., HaCaT keratinocytes or HEK-293 cells) in 96-well plates until 70-80% confluence. The surfactant is serially diluted in culture medium (typically 0-1000 µg/mL) and added to cells for 24-48 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or resazurin reduction assays, with IC₅₀ values calculated from dose-response curves. Membrane integrity can be evaluated using LDH release assays. Positive controls (e.g., Triton X-100) and vehicle controls are included in each experiment.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with 2-ethylhexyl sulfate sodium are limited to toxicological evaluations for safety assessment. Standard protocols for dermal or oral toxicity testing in rodents follow OECD guidelines. For dermal studies, the compound is applied to shaved skin of rats or rabbits at various concentrations (typically 0.1-10%) and observed for 24-72 hours for signs of irritation or corrosion. For oral studies, the compound is administered by gavage at doses ranging from 100-2000 mg/kg, and animals are monitored for 14 days for mortality, body weight changes, and clinical signs. Histopathological examination of major organs is performed at study termination.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of 2-ethylhexyl sulfate sodium are not well characterized as it is an industrial surfactant rather than a drug substance. Based on its physicochemical properties (molecular weight 232.28, high water solubility, anionic charge), the compound is expected to have very low oral bioavailability due to poor membrane permeability and rapid renal clearance. Following absorption, the compound would likely be distributed primarily in extracellular fluid. Metabolism may involve hydrolysis of the sulfate ester to release 2-ethylhexanol, which could undergo further oxidative metabolism. The elimination half-life is expected to be short. The compound is not intended for systemic therapeutic use.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Data
LC (Rats) > 30 mg/m³/8h Non-human Toxicity Values Oral LD50 in rats: 4 g/kg Intraperitoneal LD50 in rats: 320 mg/kg Oral LD50 in rabbits: 3580 mg/kg Oral LD50 in guinea pigs: 1300 mg/kg For more complete non-human toxicity data on sodium sulfate (6 items in total), please visit the HSDB records page. Toxicological data for 2-ethylhexyl sulfate sodium indicate that it is a skin and eye irritant at high concentrations. The compound is not classified as a carcinogen or mutagen based on available data. Acute oral toxicity is low, with LD₅₀ values typically >2000 mg/kg in rodents. Inhalation of aerosols may cause respiratory irritation. The compound should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment including gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing. In case of skin contact, wash with soap and water; for eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists. |
| Additional Infomation |
Sodium (2-ethylhexyl)sulfate is a transparent, colorless, slightly viscous liquid. (NTP, 1992)
2-Ethylhexyl sulfate sodium is widely used as a wetting agent, hydrotrope, and emulsifier in industrial applications including textile processing, metal finishing, agrochemical formulations, and household cleaning products. Its branched architecture imparts distinct advantages over linear alkyl sulfates such as SDS, including exceptional stability in caustic and high-electrolyte systems and low-foaming characteristics. The compound is also known as Niaproof Anionic Surfactant 08 in commercial formulations. It is supplied as a 40% aqueous solution for industrial use. The compound has not undergone clinical trials and is not approved as a pharmaceutical. Its mechanism of action is physicochemical—reducing surface tension and stabilizing dispersions. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H17NAO4S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
232.27
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| Exact Mass |
232.074
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| CAS # |
126-92-1
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| Related CAS # |
70495-37-3 (ammonium salt)
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| PubChem CID |
23662383
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.12 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
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| LogP |
2.76
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
210
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCC(CC)COS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H18O4S.Na/c1-3-5-6-8(4-2)7-12-13(9,10)11;/h8H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10,11);/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;2-ethylhexyl sulfate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.3053 mL | 21.5267 mL | 43.0533 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8611 mL | 4.3053 mL | 8.6107 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4305 mL | 2.1527 mL | 4.3053 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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