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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Casein phosphopeptide targets mineral binding and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract rather than a specific receptor. Its function is nutritional and physicochemical—the phosphorylated serine residues in the peptide bind to calcium and other minerals, keeping them soluble in the intestinal lumen and preventing precipitation. This enhances mineral absorption and bioavailability. CPP may also interact with intestinal epithelial cells to facilitate mineral transport. The compound is not designed as a pharmacologically active drug with specific receptor targets, but rather as a nutrient delivery system.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, casein phosphopeptide exhibits mineral-binding properties, particularly for calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. Its utility is demonstrated in studies of mineral bioavailability and absorption. In cell culture, CPP can be used to study mineral transport in intestinal epithelial cell lines (e.g., Caco-2 cells). The peptide enhances mineral solubility and may stimulate mineral uptake. However, CPP is not tested for pharmacological activity in standard cell-based assays. Its role is nutritional and biochemical—enhancing mineral bioavailability for research and functional food applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, casein phosphopeptide enhances the absorption and bioavailability of minerals like calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. It is commonly used in functional foods and dietary supplements for overall health support. CPP prevents mineral precipitation in the intestinal lumen, keeping minerals soluble and available for absorption. These effects have been demonstrated in animal models and human studies. However, CPP is not a pharmacologically active drug and does not exhibit therapeutic activity beyond its nutritional effects. It is used as a food ingredient and dietary supplement.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro mineral binding assays for casein phosphopeptide typically involve incubating CPP with calcium, magnesium, or phosphate ions in simulated intestinal conditions. The amount of mineral bound to the peptide is measured by ultrafiltration or dialysis followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy or colorimetric assays. For Caco-2 cell uptake studies, cells are cultured in Transwell systems and treated with CPP-mineral complexes. Mineral uptake is measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments with casein phosphopeptide typically involve intestinal epithelial cells (e.g., Caco-2) to study mineral absorption. Cells are cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and treated with CPP at concentrations ranging from 0.1-10 mg/mL for 4-24 hours. Mineral uptake (calcium, magnesium) is measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assays. The effects of CPP on mineral transport and gene expression of mineral transporters are studied by qPCR and Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with casein phosphopeptide typically involve dietary supplementation in rodents. A standard protocol involves feeding rats or mice a diet containing 1-5% CPP for 2-4 weeks. Blood samples are collected for measurement of serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphate levels. Bone mineral density is measured by DEXA or micro-CT. Fecal mineral excretion is measured to assess absorption efficiency. At study termination, tissues (bone, intestine, kidney) are collected for histopathological examination and gene expression analysis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of casein phosphopeptide are related to its behavior as a peptide in the gastrointestinal tract. CPP is partially resistant to digestion by proteases due to its phosphorylated structure. It remains intact in the intestinal lumen, where it binds minerals and facilitates their absorption. CPP itself is not significantly absorbed systemically; rather, it acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract. The peptide is eventually degraded and excreted in feces. Formal pharmacokinetic studies are limited as CPP is a food ingredient rather than a drug.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for casein phosphopeptide indicate that it is safe for human consumption. As a peptide derived from milk protein, it has a long history of safe use in foods. No significant toxicity has been observed in animal studies at dietary levels up to 5% of the diet. CPP is not classified as a carcinogen, mutagen, or reproductive toxicant. It is considered safe for use in functional foods and dietary supplements. Standard laboratory precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| Additional Infomation |
Casein phosphopeptide is a bioactive peptide derived from casein that has the unique ability to bind to minerals like calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, enhancing their absorption and bioavailability. It is commonly used in functional foods and dietary supplements for overall health support. CPP is produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of casein followed by purification. It has not undergone clinical trials as a drug but is approved as a food ingredient. Its mechanism of action is nutritional—binding minerals and enhancing their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
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| Molecular Formula |
C12H21NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
211.30064368248
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| Exact Mass |
672.475
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| CAS # |
691364-49-5
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| PubChem CID |
139291438
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
9.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
28
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| Heavy Atom Count |
49
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| Complexity |
1190
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C#CC(C=CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCC=CCCC=CC#CC(C#CC(CCCCC(C=CC(C#C)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
KYGMBSAVQJMJPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C44H64O5/c1-3-40(45)32-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-33-42(47)38-39-44(49)35-31-30-34-43(48)37-36-41(46)4-2/h1-2,5,7,17,19,25,27-28,32,36-37,40-49H,6,8-16,18,20-24,26,30-31,34-35H2
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| Chemical Name |
tetratetraconta-4,17,21,27,40-pentaen-1,12,15,43-tetrayne-3,6,11,14,42-pentol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.7326 mL | 23.6630 mL | 47.3261 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9465 mL | 4.7326 mL | 9.4652 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4733 mL | 2.3663 mL | 4.7326 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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