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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(+)-Dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid does not have a specific biological target as it is a chiral resolving agent rather than a pharmacologically active compound. Its function is chemical—it serves as a reagent for the preparation of chiral salts and for the chiral resolution of amino compounds. When used in drug discovery, this compound enables the separation of enantiomers, allowing researchers to obtain optically pure drug candidates. The compound itself is not evaluated for biological activity against specific molecular targets. Its interactions are limited to forming diastereomeric salts with racemic amines through ionic and hydrogen bonding interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
(+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid is used as a reagent for the chiral salt preparation process in order to achieve chiral resolution. utilized as a reagent for amino compound chiral resolution as well.
As a chemical reagent, (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid exhibits no intrinsic pharmacological activity in vitro. Its utility is demonstrated in chiral resolution applications, where it forms diastereomeric salts with racemic basic compounds that can be separated based on differential solubility. In cell-based assays, the compound itself is not tested for biological activity. Instead, the enantiomerically pure compounds obtained through its use are evaluated for their pharmacological properties. The compound is used exclusively as a chiral resolving agent in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical research. |
| ln Vivo |
(+)-Dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid does not exhibit in vivo biological activity as it is not a therapeutic agent. The compound is used as a chiral resolving agent in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, including the anthelmintic drug levamisole. Any in vivo effects would be associated with the enantiomerically pure drug products obtained through resolution using this reagent, not with the resolving agent itself. The compound is not administered to animals in pharmacological studies and has no known physiological effects. Its role is strictly chemical—enabling the production of optically active pharmaceutical compounds.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid focus on its chiral resolution properties rather than receptor binding. A standard protocol involves dissolving the racemic amine compound in an appropriate solvent and adding the resolving agent (typically 0.5-1.0 equivalents) to form diastereomeric salts. The mixture is heated to dissolve, then cooled to allow selective crystallization of one diastereomer. The precipitated salt is collected by filtration and recrystallized to achieve optical purity. The resolved amine is liberated by treatment with base. The enantiomeric excess is determined by chiral HPLC or polarimetry.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based experiments are not performed with (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid, as it is a chemical reagent rather than a test compound for biological activity. The compound is used exclusively for chiral resolution in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical research. No cytotoxicity or cell viability studies are conducted with this compound as it is not intended for biological applications.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not conducted with (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid, as it is a chemical reagent rather than a therapeutic test article. The compound is not used in pharmacological or toxicological studies in animals. Its applications are limited to chiral resolution in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing. No in vivo efficacy or safety studies have been reported for this compound.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid are not characterized as it is not a drug substance. Based on its physicochemical properties (molecular weight 358.30, logP approximately 2.0-3.0, low water solubility), the compound would be expected to have low oral bioavailability if administered. It would likely be hydrolyzed in vivo to tartaric acid and benzoic acid derivatives. However, the compound is not intended for human exposure and has not been evaluated in formal pharmacokinetic studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
(+)-Dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid is a skin and eye irritant (Xi) with a WGK Germany classification of 3. It is hygroscopic and should be stored in a cool, dry place away from strong oxidizing agents. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of gloves, safety glasses, and working in a fume hood. No acute toxicity data are available. The compound is for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary use.
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| Additional Infomation |
(+)-Dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid is a gold-standard chiral resolving agent widely used in asymmetric synthesis and stereochemical separation. It is also known as (2S,3S)-2,3-bis(benzoyloxy)succinic acid and D-dibenzoyl tartaric acid. The compound is used for the chiral resolution of amino compounds and as an intermediate in the synthesis of the anthelmintic drug levamisole. It has not undergone clinical trials and is not approved as a pharmaceutical. Its mechanism of action is chemical—forming diastereomeric salts with racemic bases for enantiomeric separation.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H14O8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
358.30
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| Exact Mass |
358.068
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| CAS # |
17026-42-5
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| PubChem CID |
1550213
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
606.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
154-156 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
221.8±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.609
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| LogP |
5.82
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
483
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=CC=C1C(OC(C(OC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)=O
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| InChi Key |
YONLFQNRGZXBBF-KBPBESRZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H14O8/c19-15(20)13(25-17(23)11-7-3-1-4-8-11)14(16(21)22)26-18(24)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10,13-14H,(H,19,20)(H,21,22)/t13-,14-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S)-2,3-dibenzoyloxybutanedioic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7910 mL | 13.9548 mL | 27.9096 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5582 mL | 2.7910 mL | 5.5819 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2791 mL | 1.3955 mL | 2.7910 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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