| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(S)-(-)-4-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone does not have a defined biological target as it is a chiral building block rather than a pharmacologically active compound. Its function is chemical—it serves as a chiral building block for the synthesis of more complex molecules. The lactam ring is a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry, found in numerous bioactive compounds including pyrrolidinone-based drugs. The hydroxyl group provides a handle for further functionalization through esterification, etherification, and oxidation. When incorporated into pharmaceutical compounds, the pyrrolidinone scaffold can interact with biological targets through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The compound itself is not evaluated for biological activity against specific targets.
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| ln Vitro |
As a chemical reagent, (S)-(-)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone exhibits no intrinsic pharmacological activity in vitro. Its utility is demonstrated in organic synthesis as a chiral building block for the preparation of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds. The compound is used in the synthesis of various drug candidates including antiviral, antibacterial, and CNS-active agents. The chiral hydroxyl group enables selective functionalization and introduction of chirality into target molecules. In cell-based assays, the compound itself is not tested for biological activity. Instead, the products synthesized from this reagent are evaluated for their pharmacological properties. The compound is used exclusively as a chiral intermediate in organic synthesis.
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| ln Vivo |
(S)-(-)-4-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone does not exhibit in vivo biological activity as it is not a therapeutic agent. The compound is used as a chiral building block for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Any in vivo effects would be associated with the final products synthesized from this intermediate, not with the intermediate itself. The compound is not administered to animals in pharmacological studies and has no known physiological effects. Its role is strictly chemical—providing a versatile chiral pyrrolidinone scaffold for constructing complex molecules with potential therapeutic applications in various disease areas including infectious diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays are not applicable to (S)-(-)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone as it is not a biologically active compound. Standard characterization protocols for this reagent include nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR) and mass spectrometry to confirm structure and purity. Optical rotation measurement is used to confirm enantiomeric purity. Melting point determination (110-114°C) and HPLC analysis (>98% purity) are used for quality control. For synthetic applications, typical reactions include oxidation of the hydroxyl group to the ketone, esterification, and use as a chiral auxiliary or building block in peptide synthesis. The resulting products are then evaluated for biological activity.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based experiments are not performed with (S)-(-)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone itself, as it is a chemical reagent rather than a test compound for biological activity. When the compound is used to synthesize drug candidates, those products may be tested in cell culture using standard protocols. Typically, final compounds are dissolved in DMSO and diluted in culture medium to achieve desired concentrations (typically 0.1-100 µM). Cells are incubated for 24-72 hours, and effects on cell viability, proliferation, or specific signaling pathways are measured using appropriate assays. The intermediate itself is not evaluated in cellular systems.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not conducted with (S)-(-)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone, as it is a research reagent for chemical synthesis. When the compound is used to synthesize drug candidates, those final products undergo standard preclinical evaluation. Typical protocols for drug candidates include pharmacokinetic studies in rodents (oral or intravenous administration, blood sampling for LC-MS/MS analysis), efficacy studies in disease models, and toxicology studies (acute and repeated-dose toxicity, histopathology). These studies evaluate the safety and efficacy of the final drug molecules, not the synthetic intermediate.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of (S)-(-)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone are not characterized as it is not a drug substance. Based on its physicochemical properties (molecular weight 101.10, logP approximately -0.5 to 0, high water solubility), the compound would be expected to have low oral bioavailability due to poor membrane permeability. It would likely be distributed primarily in extracellular fluid and rapidly cleared via renal excretion. The compound may be metabolized via oxidation or conjugation reactions. However, the compound is not intended for human exposure and has not been evaluated in formal pharmacokinetic studies. For drug candidates synthesized from this intermediate, pharmacokinetic properties are determined as part of drug development.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
(S)-(-)-4-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone may cause skin and eye irritation. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of gloves, safety glasses, and working in a fume hood. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture and strong oxidizing agents. No acute toxicity, mutagenicity, or carcinogenicity data are available. The compound is not intended for drug, household, or other uses. In case of contact, rinse with water and seek medical advice if irritation persists.
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| Additional Infomation |
(S)-(-)-4-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone is a chiral building block used in organic synthesis for the preparation of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds. It is also known as (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone and (S)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone. The compound is used in the synthesis of various drug candidates including antiviral, antibacterial, and CNS-active agents. The chiral hydroxyl group enables selective functionalization. The compound has not undergone clinical trials and is not approved as a pharmaceutical. Its mechanism of action is chemical—serving as a chiral building block for asymmetric synthesis.
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| Molecular Formula |
C4H7NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
101.10
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| Exact Mass |
101.047
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| CAS # |
68108-18-9
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| PubChem CID |
155084
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
363.6±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
156-160 °C
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| Flash Point |
173.7±25.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.513
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| LogP |
-2.55
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
7
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| Complexity |
91.7
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1[C@@H](CNC1=O)O
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| InChi Key |
IOGISYQVOGVIEU-VKHMYHEASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H7NO2/c6-3-1-4(7)5-2-3/h3,6H,1-2H2,(H,5,7)/t3-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4S)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.8912 mL | 49.4560 mL | 98.9120 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.9782 mL | 9.8912 mL | 19.7824 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9891 mL | 4.9456 mL | 9.8912 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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