| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analytical standard and does not directly target biological receptors. The non-labeled parent compound, Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide, is the major metabolite of Prochlorperazine, an antiemetic and antipsychotic drug. Prochlorperazine acts as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the medulla oblongata and also has antihistaminergic, anticholinergic, and antiadrenergic properties. Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide is formed by the oxidation of Prochlorperazine, likely via cytochrome P450 enzymes. The metabolite has significantly reduced pharmacological activity compared to the parent drug. The deuterated version is used solely as an analytical standard for quantifying Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide in pharmacokinetic studies and does not engage in biological interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
As a deuterium-labeled internal standard, Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 itself does not possess intrinsic in vitro biological activity. It is used exclusively for analytical quantification purposes. The non-labeled Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide is a major metabolite of Prochlorperazine and has reduced activity compared to the parent drug. Prochlorperazine, the parent drug, is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. In vitro, Prochlorperazine has been shown to bind to the D2 receptor with a Ki in the low nanomolar range (e.g., 1-10 nM). The metabolite, Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide, has a much lower affinity for the D2 receptor. It is commonly used as a marker of Prochlorperazine metabolism. The deuterated version is used as an internal standard to accurately quantify Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide in biological samples, such as plasma, urine, and tissue homogenates.
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| ln Vivo |
Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 does not exhibit in vivo biological activity because it is an analytical standard. The non-labeled Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide is a major metabolite of Prochlorperazine. Prochlorperazine is an antiemetic drug that acts by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the medulla oblongata. It is also used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety. The metabolism of Prochlorperazine involves N-demethylation, sulfoxidation, and hydroxylation. Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide is one of the major metabolites found in plasma and urine. The metabolite is considered to be inactive. The plasma concentration of Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide is often measured in pharmacokinetic studies to assess the metabolic fate of Prochlorperazine. As an internal standard, the deuterated form is used to accurately quantify Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide in biological samples.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A typical non-cellular protocol for using Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 as an internal standard involves its incorporation into the sample preparation workflow for LC-MS analysis. A stock solution of the internal standard (1 mg/mL) is prepared in methanol or DMSO. For plasma samples, 50 uL of plasma is transferred to a microcentrifuge tube. Then, 10 uL of the internal standard solution (diluted to a working concentration of 1 ug/mL) is added. Proteins are precipitated by adding 150 uL of ice-cold acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The mixture is vortexed for 1 minute and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4degC. The supernatant (150 uL) is transferred to an autosampler vial and mixed with 150 uL of water containing 0.1% formic acid. The sample (5-10 uL) is injected onto an LC-MS/MS system operated in positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the specific transitions of Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide and the deuterated internal standard. Quantification is achieved by calculating the peak area ratio of the analyte to the internal standard against a calibration curve.
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| Cell Assay |
A typical in vitro cellular protocol for using Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 as an internal standard involves the quantification of Prochlorperazine and its metabolite in cultured hepatocytes. Primary human hepatocytes or HepG2 cells are seeded in 6-well plates at a density of 1×10⁶ cells/well and cultured in appropriate medium for 24 hours. After treatment with Prochlorperazine (non-labeled, 1-10 uM) for various time periods, the culture medium is collected. Cells are washed twice with ice-cold PBS and harvested by scraping. Cell pellets are resuspended in 200 uL of PBS, and 10 uL of the internal standard solution (1 ug/mL) is added. Cells are lysed by sonication (3×10 seconds on ice). Proteins are precipitated by adding 800 uL of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. After centrifugation, the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The concentrations of Prochlorperazine and Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide are quantified using calibration curves prepared with the same internal standard. The internal standard corrects for extraction efficiency and matrix effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
A typical in vivo animal protocol for using Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 as an internal standard involves the quantification of Prochlorperazine and its metabolite in plasma. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) are administered Prochlorperazine (non-labeled) via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 1-5 mg/kg. Blood samples (200 uL) are collected via the tail vein into EDTA-coated tubes at various time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours) post-dose. Plasma is separated by centrifugation (2,000 g, 10 minutes, 4degC). For extraction, 50 uL of plasma is mixed with 10 uL of Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 internal standard solution (1 ug/mL) and 150 uL of acetonitrile. After centrifugation, the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The concentrations of Prochlorperazine and Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide are quantified using calibration curves prepared with the same internal standard. The internal standard corrects for variations in sample preparation and matrix effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an analytical internal standard, Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 is not characterized by typical pharmacokinetic parameters. The non-labeled Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide is a major metabolite of Prochlorperazine. After oral administration of Prochlorperazine, it is extensively metabolized, primarily by CYP2D6 and other CYP enzymes, to Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide and other metabolites. Prochlorperazine has a half-life of approximately 6-8 hours in humans, and the half-life of its metabolites is generally longer. The formation of Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide is dependent on CYP activity. The deuterated internal standard is used to accurately quantify Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide in biological samples for pharmacokinetic studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data specific to Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 are not available. The non-labeled Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide is a major metabolite of Prochlorperazine. Prochlorperazine has known side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism), sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, and orthostatic hypotension. Rare but serious side effects include neuroleptic malignant syndrome and tardive dyskinesia. The metabolite is considered less active and is not known to be toxic at concentrations typically observed in vivo. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3, including the use of gloves, lab coats, and safety glasses. The compound should be stored at -20degC, protected from light and moisture. It is for research use only and should not be used in humans or animals for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide-d3 (CAS# 1189943-37-0) is a stable isotope-labeled compound with a molecular weight of 392.96. The molecular formula is C20H21D3ClN3OS, and it is also known as 2-chloro-10-(3-(4-(methyl-d3)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-10H-phenothiazine 5-oxide. The isotopic purity is typically >98%, and the chemical purity is ≥95%. Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide is the major metabolite of the antiemetic drug Prochlorperazine. The deuterated version is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of Prochlorperazine Sulfoxide by LC-MS. This product is for research use only and is not approved for clinical diagnostic applications. The compound should be stored at -20degC, protected from light and moisture.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H21D3CLN3OS
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
392.96
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| Exact Mass |
392.152
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| CAS # |
1189943-37-0
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| PubChem CID |
45040272
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
4.402
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
499
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])N1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)C4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl
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| InChi Key |
AZGYHFQQUZPAFZ-FIBGUPNXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H24ClN3OS/c1-22-11-13-23(14-12-22)9-4-10-24-17-5-2-3-6-19(17)26(25)20-8-7-16(21)15-18(20)24/h2-3,5-8,15H,4,9-14H2,1H3/i1D3
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| Chemical Name |
2-chloro-10-[3-[4-(trideuteriomethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl]phenothiazine 5-oxide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5448 mL | 12.7239 mL | 25.4479 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5090 mL | 2.5448 mL | 5.0896 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2545 mL | 1.2724 mL | 2.5448 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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