| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
beta-Carotene-d8, as an isotopically labeled internal standard, does not target specific biological receptors. The non-labeled parent compound, beta-Carotene, is a vitamin A precursor (provitamin A) that exerts its biological effects through several mechanisms. It is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), acting as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and singlet oxygen, particularly at low oxygen tensions. However, at high oxygen tensions or concentrations, beta-Carotene may exhibit prooxidant activity. beta-Carotene also influences gene expression and cell signaling pathways, including the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes. It may also modulate the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and other inflammatory pathways. The deuterated version is used solely as an analytical standard and does not engage in biological interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as tracers that influence measurement during the drug development process. It's possible that the pharmacokinetics and functional range of medications contribute to the concern over mutagenesis [1].
As a deuterium-labeled internal standard, beta-Carotene-d8 itself does not possess intrinsic in vitro biological activity. It is used exclusively for analytical quantification purposes. The non-labeled beta-Carotene, however, exhibits in vitro antioxidant activity. In a standard DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, beta-Carotene shows concentration-dependent scavenging activity, with an IC50 typically in the range of 10-100 uM. In the beta-Carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay, beta-Carotene inhibits lipid peroxidation, with the extent of inhibition dependent on the concentration and the redox environment. Additionally, beta-Carotene has been shown to protect cells from oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. In cultured cells, beta-Carotene can also modulate the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense and inflammation. The deuterated version is used as an internal standard to accurately quantify beta-Carotene in biological samples. |
| ln Vivo |
beta-Carotene-d8 does not exhibit in vivo biological activity because it is an analytical standard. However, the non-labeled beta-Carotene is a naturally occurring carotenoid found in plants and is an important nutrient in the human diet. In vivo, beta-Carotene functions as an antioxidant and as a precursor of vitamin A (retinol). The conversion of beta-Carotene to vitamin A occurs primarily in the intestinal mucosa and liver through the action of beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase (BCO1). Vitamin A is essential for vision, immune function, reproduction, and cellular communication. Studies have shown that dietary beta-Carotene can reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, although high-dose supplementation has been associated with increased risk of lung cancer in smokers. As an internal standard, the deuterated form may be administered in tracer amounts in animal studies to enable precise quantification of beta-Carotene levels in plasma and tissues.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A typical non-cellular protocol for using beta-Carotene-d8 as an internal standard involves its incorporation into the sample preparation workflow for LC-MS analysis. A stock solution of the internal standard (1 mg/mL) is prepared in chloroform or dichloromethane, as beta-Carotene is light- and oxygen-sensitive. All steps should be performed under dim light and using amber glass vials. For plasma samples, 100 uL of plasma is transferred to a glass tube. Then, 10 uL of the internal standard solution (diluted to a working concentration of 1 ug/mL) is added. beta-Carotene is extracted by adding 1 mL of hexane containing 0.1% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as an antioxidant. The mixture is vortexed for 1 minute and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The upper organic layer is transferred to a clean glass tube, and the extraction is repeated. The combined organic extracts are evaporated under a stream of nitrogen at 40degC. The residue is reconstituted in 100 uL of mobile phase (e.g., methanol:methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 1:1) and transferred to an autosampler vial. The sample (5-10 uL) is injected onto an LC-MS/MS system operated in positive or APCI (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) mode.
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| Cell Assay |
A typical in vitro cellular protocol for using beta-Carotene-d8 as an internal standard involves the quantification of beta-Carotene in cultured cells or tissues. Cells (e.g., 1×10⁶ hepatocytes or intestinal Caco-2 cells) are cultured in appropriate medium for 24 hours. After treatment with test compounds, cells are washed twice with ice-cold PBS and harvested by scraping. Cell pellets are resuspended in 200 uL of PBS, and 10 uL of beta-Carotene-d8 internal standard solution (1 ug/mL) is added. beta-Carotene is extracted by adding 1 mL of hexane containing 0.1% BHT. The mixture is vortexed for 1 minute and centrifuged. The upper organic layer is collected, dried under nitrogen, and reconstituted in 100 uL of mobile phase. The sample is analyzed by LC-MS/MS. beta-Carotene levels are normalized to total protein content or cell number. The internal standard corrects for extraction efficiency and matrix effects. All steps should be performed under dim light to prevent photodegradation.
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| Animal Protocol |
A typical in vivo animal protocol for using beta-Carotene-d8 as an internal standard involves the quantification of beta-Carotene in plasma and tissues. Male C57BL/6 mice (8-10 weeks old, 20-25 g) are administered beta-Carotene (non-labeled) via oral gavage at a dose of 10-100 mg/kg in corn oil. Blood samples (50-100 uL) are collected via the tail vein into EDTA-coated tubes at various time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours) post-dose. Plasma is separated by centrifugation (2,000 g, 10 minutes, 4degC). For tissue analysis, mice are euthanized at the final time point, and liver, adipose tissue, and other tissues are harvested, weighed, and homogenized in PBS containing 0.1% BHT. For extraction, 50 uL of plasma or tissue homogenate is mixed with 10 uL of beta-Carotene-d8 internal standard solution (1 ug/mL) and 500 uL of hexane. After vortexing and centrifugation, the organic phase is collected, dried, and reconstituted in mobile phase for LC-MS/MS analysis. The internal standard corrects for variations in sample preparation and matrix effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an analytical internal standard, beta-Carotene-d8 is not characterized by typical pharmacokinetic parameters. However, the non-labeled beta-Carotene has been extensively studied for its pharmacokinetic properties. After oral administration, beta-Carotene is absorbed from the intestine via passive diffusion. It is incorporated into chylomicrons and transported through the lymphatic system. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) occur 4-6 hours after oral administration in humans. The absolute oral bioavailability is low (typically <10%) due to extensive first-pass metabolism and conversion to vitamin A. beta-Carotene is primarily stored in adipose tissue and the liver. The compound is metabolized by beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase (BCO1) to form retinal, which is further oxidized to retinoic acid or reduced to retinol. The elimination half-life is long, ranging from days to weeks, depending on the tissue. The deuterated internal standard is used to accurately quantify beta-Carotene in biological samples.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data specific to beta-Carotene-d8 are not available, as this compound is an analytical standard. beta-Carotene (non-labeled) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when consumed in foods at normal dietary levels. However, high-dose supplementation with beta-Carotene has been associated with adverse effects in certain populations. Clinical trials have shown that long-term supplementation with high doses of beta-Carotene (20-30 mg/day) increases the risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality in smokers and asbestos-exposed workers. This prooxidant activity is thought to occur at high concentrations and under conditions of high oxidative stress. The mechanism may involve the formation of oxidative metabolites that promote carcinogenesis. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound, including the use of gloves, lab coats, and safety glasses. The compound is light-sensitive and should be stored at -80degC under an inert atmosphere, protected from light.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
beta-Carotene-d8 (CAS# 53163-44-3) is a stable isotope-labeled compound with a molecular weight of 544.92. The molecular formula is C40H48D8, and it is also known as beta-Carotene-d8, Provitamin A-d8, and beta-Carotene-d8. The isotopic purity is typically greater than 98%, and the chemical purity is ≥96%. The compound is supplied as a dark red or orange solid and should be stored at -80degC, protected from light, and stored under nitrogen or argon to prevent oxidation. beta-Carotene is a natural carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and serves as an antioxidant or prooxidant depending on the context. The deuterated version is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of beta-Carotene by GC- or LC-MS. This product is for research use only and is not approved for clinical or nutritional supplement applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C40H48D8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
544.92
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| Exact Mass |
544.488
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| CAS # |
53163-44-3
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| Related CAS # |
β-Carotene;7235-40-7
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| PubChem CID |
12305648
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| Appearance |
Light brown to brown solid powder
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| LogP |
13.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
0
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
40
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| Complexity |
1120
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C(/C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)=C\C(\C([2H])([2H])[2H])=C(/[2H])\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C(\[2H])=C(/C([2H])([2H])[2H])\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C
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| InChi Key |
OENHQHLEOONYIE-QVOKSWBTSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C40H56/c1-31(19-13-21-33(3)25-27-37-35(5)23-15-29-39(37,7)8)17-11-12-18-32(2)20-14-22-34(4)26-28-38-36(6)24-16-30-40(38,9)10/h11-14,17-22,25-28H,15-16,23-24,29-30H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,19-13+,20-14+,27-25+,28-26+,31-17+,32-18+,33-21+,34-22+/i3D3,4D3,21D,22D
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| Chemical Name |
2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-4,15-dideuterio-7,12-dimethyl-3,16-bis(trideuteriomethyl)-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8351 mL | 9.1757 mL | 18.3513 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3670 mL | 1.8351 mL | 3.6703 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1835 mL | 0.9176 mL | 1.8351 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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