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| Targets |
Decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride, as an isotopically labeled internal standard, does not target specific biological receptors. The non-labeled parent compound, decanoyl-L-carnitine, is a naturally occurring acylcarnitine that plays a role in the carnitine shuttle system, which is responsible for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation. This process involves key enzymes such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2). As a medium-chain acylcarnitine, decanoyl-L-carnitine can cross the mitochondrial membrane more readily than long-chain acylcarnitines and may serve as a substrate for CPT2. The deuterated version is used solely as an analytical standard and does not engage in biological interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a deuterium-labeled internal standard, decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride itself does not possess intrinsic in vitro biological activity. It is used exclusively for analytical quantification purposes. However, the non-labeled decanoyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring metabolite that can be measured in various biological matrices. In vitro, decanoyl-L-carnitine levels can be quantified in cell culture models of fatty acid metabolism, such as hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes, where it serves as an indicator of beta-oxidation activity. Treatment of cells with fatty acids or metabolic modulators can alter intracellular decanoyl-L-carnitine concentrations. The compound has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of decanoyl-L-carnitine in rat hepatocytes, enabling accurate measurement of changes in acylcarnitine levels under various experimental conditions. |
| ln Vivo |
Decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride does not exhibit in vivo biological activity because it is an analytical standard. The non-labeled decanoyl-L-carnitine, however, is a naturally occurring molecule involved in lipid metabolism. It is a medium-chain acylcarnitine that can serve as an energy substrate. In vivo, levels of decanoyl-L-carnitine and other acylcarnitines are altered in various metabolic disorders, including fatty acid oxidation disorders, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. As an internal standard, the deuterated form may be administered in tracer amounts in animal studies to enable precise quantification of endogenous acylcarnitine levels or to study the pharmacokinetics of co-administered compounds. Its primary role is to serve as a reference material to ensure accurate mass spectrometric measurements.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A typical non-cellular protocol for using decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride as an internal standard involves its inclusion in the sample preparation workflow for LC-MS analysis. A stock solution of the internal standard (1 mg/mL) is prepared in methanol or acetonitrile. For plasma samples, 50 uL of plasma is transferred to a microcentrifuge tube. Then, 10 uL of the internal standard solution (diluted to a working concentration of 1 ug/mL) is added to achieve a final concentration of 100-200 ng/mL. Proteins are precipitated by adding 150 uL of ice-cold acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The mixture is vortexed for 30 seconds and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4degC. The supernatant (150 uL) is transferred to an autosampler vial and mixed with 150 uL of water containing 0.1% formic acid. The sample (5-10 uL) is injected onto an LC-MS/MS system operated in positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the specific transitions of decanoyl-L-carnitine and the deuterated internal standard.
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| Cell Assay |
An established in vitro cellular protocol for using decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride as an internal standard involves the quantification of acylcarnitines in cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes are seeded in 6-well plates at a density of 1×10⁶ cells/well and cultured in William's E medium supplemented with 10% FBS for 24 hours. After treatment with test compounds (e.g., fatty acids or metabolic inhibitors), cells are washed twice with ice-cold PBS and harvested by scraping. Cells are pelleted by centrifugation (500 g, 5 minutes), resuspended in 200 uL of PBS, and lysed by sonication (3×10 seconds on ice). Protein concentration is determined by BCA assay. For acylcarnitine extraction, 50 uL of cell lysate is mixed with 10 uL of decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride internal standard solution (1 ug/mL) and 200 uL of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. After centrifugation, the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Acylcarnitine levels are normalized to total protein content. The internal standard corrects for extraction efficiency and matrix effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
Decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride is typically used as an internal standard in animal studies for the quantification of acylcarnitines in plasma and tissues. In a typical protocol, male C57BL/6 mice (8-10 weeks old, 20-25 g) are used. Blood samples (50-100 uL) are collected via the tail vein or submandibular vein into EDTA-coated tubes at various time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours) after oral or intravenous administration of a test compound. Plasma is separated by centrifugation (2,000 g, 10 minutes, 4degC). For tissue analysis, mice are euthanized at the final time point, and liver, heart, and skeletal muscle are harvested, rinsed with PBS, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80degC. Tissues are homogenized in PBS (100 mg tissue/1 mL PBS) using a tissue homogenizer. For extraction, 50 uL of plasma or tissue homogenate is mixed with 10 uL of internal standard solution (1 ug/mL) and 150 uL of acetonitrile. After centrifugation, the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The internal standard corrects for variations in sample preparation and matrix effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an analytical internal standard, decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride is not characterized by typical pharmacokinetic parameters. It is not intended to be administered as a test article for PK studies. The non-labeled decanoyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring metabolite present in biological systems as an intermediate in the beta-oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids. Its concentration in human plasma is typically in the low nanomolar to micromolar range, depending on metabolic status. The deuterium-labeled version, when used as an internal standard, is added exogenously to samples in known amounts and does not contribute to the in vivo PK profile of any test compound. Formal PK studies of the deuterated compound itself have not been conducted, as its sole purpose is to serve as a quantitative reference for mass spectrometry-based assays.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data specific to decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride are not available, as this compound is intended for use as an analytical internal standard and is not a therapeutic agent. The non-labeled decanoyl-L-carnitine is an endogenous metabolite found in all mammalian tissues and is generally considered non-toxic at physiological concentrations. At the concentrations typically used for internal standardization (ng/mL to ug/mL range in final sample extracts), no toxic effects are expected. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound, including the use of gloves, lab coats, and safety glasses. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and direct skin or eye contact. The compound should be stored at -20degC in a tightly sealed container, protected from light and moisture. It is intended for research use only and should not be used in humans or animals for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride (CAS# 2483831-87-2) is a stable isotope-labeled compound with a molecular weight of 354.9. The molecular formula is C17H31D3ClNO4. It is also known as decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3, and its isotopic purity is typically greater than 98%. The compound is supplied as a high-purity powder and should be stored at -20degC. Decanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine (C10:0) that plays a role in fatty acid metabolism. The deuterated version is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of decanoyl-L-carnitine by GC- or LC-MS. This product is essential for studies involving fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and metabolic pathway analysis. It is for research use only and is not approved for clinical or veterinary applications. The compound is soluble in organic solvents such as methanol and DMSO.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17H31D3CLNO4
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| Molecular Weight |
351.91
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| Exact Mass |
354.236
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| CAS # |
2483831-87-2
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| PubChem CID |
162640938
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
323
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[C@@H](CC(=O)O)(C[N+](C)(C)C([2H])([2H])[2H])OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC.[Cl-]
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| InChi Key |
KETNUEKCBCWXCU-GGBIRWKQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H33NO4.ClH/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-17(21)22-15(13-16(19)20)14-18(2,3)4;/h15H,5-14H2,1-4H3;1H/t15-;/m1./s1/i2D3;
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R)-3-carboxy-2-decanoyloxypropyl]-dimethyl-(trideuteriomethyl)azanium;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8416 mL | 14.2082 mL | 28.4164 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5683 mL | 2.8416 mL | 5.6833 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2842 mL | 1.4208 mL | 2.8416 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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