| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 2mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride, as an isotopically labeled internal standard, is not designed to bind to specific biological receptors or enzymes. However, the non-labeled parent compound, lauroyl-L-carnitine, is a naturally occurring acylcarnitine involved in fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation. Acylcarnitines interact with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) as part of the fatty acid oxidation pathway. Additionally, lauroyl-L-carnitine acts as a cationic surfactant that can disrupt cell membranes, facilitating the permeabilization of cells for the delivery of polar molecules. As an internal standard, the deuterated version is used to track and quantify the non-labeled compound in complex biological matrices.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a deuterium-labeled internal standard, lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride itself does not possess intrinsic biological activity. It is used exclusively as a reference material for analytical quantification. The non-labeled lauroyl-L-carnitine, however, has been shown to effectively permeabilize cell membranes in vitro. In a study using porcine enterocytes, lauroyl-L-carnitine at concentrations around 0.5-1.0 mM was used to permeabilize cells to allow delivery of the polar fluorescent probe lucifer yellow, which otherwise would not cross the intact cell membrane. This permeabilization effect is likely due to the surfactant properties of the compound, which can disrupt lipid bilayer integrity. The MTT assay confirms that at these effective concentrations, cell viability remains above 85%, indicating that the permeabilization is reversible and does not cause immediate cytotoxicity. |
| ln Vivo |
Lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride does not exhibit in vivo biological activity because it is an analytical standard. However, the non-labeled lauroyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring molecule involved in lipid metabolism. It participates in the carnitine shuttle system, facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for beta-oxidation. In vivo, lauroyl-L-carnitine levels can be altered in various metabolic disorders, including fatty acid oxidation disorders, diabetes, and obesity. As an internal standard, the deuterated form may be administered in tracer amounts in animal studies to enable precise quantification of endogenous acylcarnitine levels or to study the pharmacokinetics of co-administered compounds. It is not intended to produce a pharmacological effect itself.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
A typical non-cellular (cell-free) assay using lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride as an internal standard involves its incorporation into the sample preparation workflow for LC-MS or GC-MS analysis. A stock solution of the internal standard (1 mg/mL) is prepared in methanol or acetonitrile. An appropriate volume of this stock is added to each biological sample (e.g., plasma, tissue homogenate, cell lysate) to achieve a final concentration of 100 ng/mL. Proteins are precipitated by adding 3-4 volumes of ice-cold acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The mixture is vortexed for 1 minute, centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4degC, and the supernatant is transferred to a clean tube. The supernatant is evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen at 40degC and reconstituted in 100 uL of mobile phase (e.g., 50% methanol containing 0.1% formic acid). The reconstituted sample is filtered through a 0.22 um PTFE syringe filter before injection into the LC-MS system. Quantification is achieved by calculating the peak area ratio of the analyte to the internal standard against a calibration curve.
|
| Cell Assay |
A standard in vitro cellular protocol for using lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride involves its use as an internal standard for quantifying acylcarnitine levels in cultured cells. Cells (e.g., 1×10⁶ hepatocytes) are cultured in appropriate medium for 24 hours. After treatment with test compounds, cells are washed twice with ice-cold PBS and harvested by scraping. Cell pellets are resuspended in 200 uL of PBS, and 5 uL of lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride internal standard (1 ug/mL) is added. Cells are lysed by three freeze-thaw cycles (liquid nitrogen for 3 minutes, then 37degC water bath for 5 minutes). After centrifugation (10,000 g, 10 minutes, 4degC), the supernatant is collected. Proteins are precipitated by adding 800 uL of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. After vortexing and centrifugation, the clear supernatant is transferred to an autosampler vial. Acylcarnitine levels are analyzed by LC-MS/MS operating in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions specific for each acylcarnitine species. The internal standard corrects for matrix effects and extraction efficiency.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride is typically used as an internal standard in animal studies for the quantification of acylcarnitines. In a typical protocol, male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) are used. Blood samples (200 uL) are collected from the tail vein into EDTA-coated tubes at various time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours) after oral or intravenous administration of the test compound. Plasma is separated by centrifugation (2,000 g, 10 minutes, 4degC). An aliquot of plasma (50 uL) is transferred to a microcentrifuge tube, and 10 uL of the lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride internal standard solution (1 ug/mL in methanol) is added. Proteins are precipitated with 200 uL of ice-cold acetonitrile, vortexed, and centrifuged. The supernatant is transferred to an autosampler vial and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The internal standard accounts for variations in sample preparation, matrix effects, and instrument performance, enabling accurate quantification of target analytes.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an analytical internal standard, lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride is not characterized by typical pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, AUC, half-life). It is not intended to be administered as a test article for PK studies. The non-labeled lauroyl-L-carnitine is naturally present in biological systems as an intermediate in fatty acid metabolism. Its concentration in human plasma is typically in the low micromolar range. The deuterium-labeled version, when used as an internal standard, is added exogenously to samples in known amounts and does not contribute to the in vivo PK profile. The compound's surfactant properties suggest that if administered systemically, it would likely be rapidly metabolized or distributed into tissues, but formal PK studies of the deuterated compound itself are not available. For research purposes, the compound is considered to behave identically to its non-labeled counterpart under LC-MS analysis.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data specific to lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride are not available, as this compound is intended for use as an analytical internal standard and is not a therapeutic agent. The non-labeled lauroyl-L-carnitine has been studied for its surfactant properties and can cause cell membrane disruption at high concentrations (above 2 mM). However, at the concentrations typically used for internal standardization (ng/mL to ug/mL range), no toxic effects are expected. The compound should be handled with standard laboratory safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety glasses). Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and direct skin or eye contact. The compound should be stored at -20degC in a tightly sealed container, protected from light and moisture. It is intended for research use only and should not be used in humans or animals for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride (CAS# 2687960-76-3) is a stable isotope-labeled compound with a molecular weight of 382.9. It is also known as L-lauroylcarnitine chloride-d3, C12:0 Carnitine-d3, L-Carnitine lauroyl ester-d3, and L-Lauroylcarnitine-d3. The compound has an isotopic purity of greater than 98% and a chemical purity typically greater than 95%. As a quaternary ammonium surfactant, lauroyl-L-carnitine can permeabilize cell membranes, facilitating the delivery of polar molecules like lucifer yellow into cells. The compound is primarily used in metabolic research to study fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and metabolic pathway analysis. The deuterium labeling does not significantly alter the compound's physicochemical properties compared to the non-labeled version, making it an ideal internal standard for mass spectrometry-based quantification. This product is for research use only and is not approved for clinical or veterinary applications.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C19H35D3CLNO4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
379.96
|
| Exact Mass |
382.267
|
| CAS # |
2687960-76-3
|
| Related CAS # |
Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride;6919-91-1;Lauroyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride;1297271-52-3
|
| PubChem CID |
131953153
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
16
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
25
|
| Complexity |
350
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
[C@@H](CC(=O)O)(C[N+](C)(C)C([2H])([2H])[2H])OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC.[Cl-]
|
| InChi Key |
PDBBUDRTWRVCFN-NZDFJUHXSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H37NO4.ClH/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-19(23)24-17(15-18(21)22)16-20(2,3)4;/h17H,5-16H2,1-4H3;1H/t17-;/m1./s1/i2D3;
|
| Chemical Name |
[(2R)-3-carboxy-2-dodecanoyloxypropyl]-dimethyl-(trideuteriomethyl)azanium;chloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
|---|
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6319 mL | 13.1593 mL | 26.3186 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5264 mL | 2.6319 mL | 5.2637 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2632 mL | 1.3159 mL | 2.6319 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
