| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
|
||
| 250mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Water-18O does not have a biological target as it is an isotopic tracer. Its function is physicochemical—it serves as a labeled water molecule for tracing oxygen atoms in chemical and biological reactions. In metabolic studies, ¹⁸O-water is used to label oxygen atoms in biomolecules and to study oxygen exchange reactions, enzyme mechanisms, and metabolic flux. The compound is not designed for therapeutic use and has no specific biological targets.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Water-18O exhibits no pharmacological activity in vitro. Its utility is demonstrated in metabolic tracer studies, where it is used to label oxygen atoms in biochemical reactions. The compound is used in studies of oxygen exchange, enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and metabolic flux analysis. In cell-based assays, ¹⁸O-water is not tested for biological activity. Its role is strictly analytical—providing an isotopic label for tracing oxygen atoms in biochemical and chemical reactions. |
| ln Vivo |
Water-18O does not exhibit in vivo biological activity and is not used for therapeutic purposes. It is used as a tracer in metabolic studies in animals and humans to study oxygen metabolism, water turnover, and energy expenditure. The compound is administered orally or intravenously in small amounts for research purposes. It is not used as a therapeutic agent and has no known physiological effects beyond those of normal water.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for water-18O focus on its use as a tracer. A standard protocol involves preparing a solution of the compound in an appropriate solvent and using it in enzyme assays or metabolic studies. The incorporation of ¹⁸O into products is monitored by mass spectrometry or NMR spectroscopy. For oxygen exchange studies, the compound is incubated with enzymes or substrates, and the isotopic composition of products is analyzed.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments with water-18O are conducted to study metabolic pathways. Cells are cultured in media containing ¹⁸O-water, and the incorporation of ¹⁸O into metabolites is analyzed by mass spectrometry. The compound is not used as a test compound for pharmacological activity but as a tracer for metabolic studies.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with water-18O are conducted to study metabolic rate and water turnover. Animals are administered ¹⁸O-water orally or intravenously, and blood, urine, or breath samples are collected at various time points. The ¹⁸O enrichment is measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to calculate metabolic rate or total body water.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of water-18O are identical to those of normal water. It is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout total body water. The elimination half-life depends on water turnover rate and is typically 7-14 days in humans. The compound is excreted in urine, sweat, and breath.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Water-18O is non-toxic and is considered safe for research use at the low doses typically administered. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. No acute toxicity data are available for the labeled compound.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(18) O-water is a type of water composed of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen-18 atom. It is an isotopically modified water compound containing one oxygen-18 atom.
Water-18O is a stable isotope-labeled tracer used in metabolic studies, oxygen exchange reactions, and as a labeling agent in mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. It is also known as ¹⁸O-water. The compound is used in research on metabolism, enzymology, and physiology. |
| Molecular Formula |
H218O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
20.02
|
| Exact Mass |
20.014
|
| CAS # |
14314-42-2
|
| PubChem CID |
105142
|
| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
|
| Density |
1.11
|
| Boiling Point |
100ºC
|
| Melting Point |
0ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.329
|
| LogP |
-0.5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
1
|
| Complexity |
0
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
[18O]([H])[H]
|
| InChi Key |
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-NJFSPNSNSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2/i1+2
|
| Chemical Name |
oxidane
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 49.9500 mL | 249.7502 mL | 499.5005 mL | |
| 5 mM | 9.9900 mL | 49.9500 mL | 99.9001 mL | |
| 10 mM | 4.9950 mL | 24.9750 mL | 49.9500 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
