| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pheophorbide A does not have a defined biological target. As a photosensitizer, it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation, leading to cell death. It also acts as a lymphovascular activator. Pheophorbide A has been reported to inhibit U87MG cells with an IC₅₀ value of 2.8 µM. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and hypoglycemic activities.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, pheophorbide A has been reported to inhibit U87MG glioblastoma cells with an IC₅₀ value of 2.8 µM. It is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy studies. Pheophorbide A exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and hypoglycemic activities. It works as a lymphovascular activator.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, pheophorbide A is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). It has been studied for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Pheophorbide A is used in research on diabetes and cancer. The compound is not approved for therapeutic use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for pheophorbide A typically involve phototoxicity studies. A standard protocol involves culturing cancer cells (e.g., U87MG glioblastoma cells) in 96-well plates and treating them with varying concentrations of pheophorbide A (typically 0.1-10 µM) for 1-24 hours. Cells are then irradiated with light of a specific wavelength (typically 660-670 nm). Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments with pheophorbide A typically involve cancer cell lines. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with the compound at concentrations ranging from 0.1-10 µM for 1-24 hours. Following treatment, cells are irradiated with light. Cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS production are measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with pheophorbide A are conducted in photodynamic therapy models. A typical protocol involves administering the compound intravenously or intratumorally to tumor-bearing mice at doses ranging from 1-10 mg/kg. After a defined period, the tumor is irradiated with light. Tumor growth and survival are monitored.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of pheophorbide A are characterized by its rapid clearance from the body. It is administered intravenously for PDT and is cleared by the liver and kidneys. The compound has a short half-life. No formal pharmacokinetic studies have been published.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Pheophorbide A may cause skin and eye irritation and is light-sensitive. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of gloves, safety glasses, and working in a fume hood. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from light.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Pheophorbide a is a type of pheophytic acid. It is the conjugate acid of pheophytic acid a(2-). Pheophorbide a has been reported to exist in tea trees (Camellia sinensis), ochre bamboo (Clerodendrum calamitosum), and other organisms with relevant data.
Pheophorbide A is a product of chlorophyll breakdown used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. It exhibits anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic activities. It has not undergone clinical trials and is not approved as a pharmaceutical. |
| Molecular Formula |
C35H36N4O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
592.68
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| Exact Mass |
592.268
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| CAS # |
15664-29-6
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| PubChem CID |
253193
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| Appearance |
Brown to black solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1019.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
191-195°C (lit.)
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| Flash Point |
570.1±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.630
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| LogP |
6.76
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
44
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| Complexity |
1810
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
CCC1=C(C2=NC1=CC3=C(C4=C([C@@H](C(=C5[C@H]([C@@H](C(=CC6=NC(=C2)C(=C6C)C=C)N5)C)CCC(=O)O)C4=N3)C(=O)OC)O)C)C
|
| InChi Key |
RKEBXTALJSALNU-LDCXZXNSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C35H36N4O5/c1-8-19-15(3)22-12-24-17(5)21(10-11-28(40)41)32(38-24)30-31(35(43)44-7)34(42)29-18(6)25(39-33(29)30)14-27-20(9-2)16(4)23(37-27)13-26(19)36-22/h8,12-14,17,21,31,38,42H,1,9-11H2,2-7H3,(H,40,41)/t17-,21-,31+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
3-[(3R,21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-7,23,24,25-tetrazahexacyclo[18.2.1.15,8.110,13.115,18.02,6]hexacosa-1,4,6,8(26),9,11,13(25),14,16,18(24),19-undecaen-22-yl]propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 2 mg/mL (3.37 mM)
DMSO: ≥ 1 mg/mL (1.69 mM) DMF: ≥ 1 mg/mL (1.69 mM) Methanol: < 1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6873 mL | 8.4363 mL | 16.8725 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3375 mL | 1.6873 mL | 3.3745 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1687 mL | 0.8436 mL | 1.6873 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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