| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of GSHtracer is glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular thiol and a critical antioxidant molecule. GSHtracer specifically binds to GSH, resulting in a change in its fluorescence properties. The probe's high sensitivity and selectivity for GSH over other thiols make it valuable for monitoring cellular redox status.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies demonstrate that GSHtracer is a highly sensitive and selective ratiometric probe for GSH detection. Upon binding to GSH, the probe exhibits a shift in excitation/emission from 520/580 nm to 430/510 nm. The F510/F580 ratio increases with GSH concentration, allowing for quantitative measurement. The probe's high sensitivity, selectivity, and compatibility with live-cell imaging make it valuable for redox biology investigations.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for GSHtracer are related to its use in live-cell and tissue imaging. The probe is compatible with live-cell imaging, enabling real-time monitoring of GSH levels in living cells and tissues. It is used to monitor cellular oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and glutathione-dependent signaling pathways. The probe can be applied in various disease models to study the role of GSH in pathophysiology.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for GSHtracer typically involve characterizing its fluorescence properties and selectivity for GSH. The probe is incubated with GSH or other thiols, and the fluorescence spectra are recorded. The shift in excitation/emission wavelengths and the ratio of fluorescence intensities at different wavelengths are measured. These cell-free systems allow for precise characterization of the probe's response to GSH.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for GSHtracer are conducted using various cell types to measure intracellular GSH levels. Cells are incubated with the probe, and fluorescence is measured using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or plate readers. The F510/F580 ratio is calculated to determine GSH concentration. Cells may be treated with oxidative stress inducers or antioxidants to study changes in GSH levels.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for GSHtracer are limited, as the probe is primarily used in cell-based and tissue imaging studies. The probe may be used in tissue sections or whole organisms for imaging GSH levels. However, specific in vivo studies have not been extensively reported. The probe's compatibility with live-cell imaging suggests potential for use in animal models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of GSHtracer are not well-characterized, as it is a fluorescent probe used in research applications. The compound has a molecular weight of approximately 359.42 g/mol and a purity of ≥98%. It is typically stored at -20°C and protected from light. The probe is soluble in DMSO and should be handled with appropriate laboratory precautions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for GSHtracer are limited, as it is a fluorescent probe for research use only. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. No significant toxicity has been reported at the concentrations used for cellular imaging. The compound is not intended for human use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Other information includes GSHtracer's role as a ratiometric probe for measuring glutathione (GSH) levels. It exhibits a shift in excitation/emission from 520/580 nm to 430/510 nm upon binding to GSH. The F510/F580 ratio correlates with GSH concentration, enabling quantitative measurement. The probe is widely used in oxidative stress research, drug screening, and disease studies related to cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. It is also known as 2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-3-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-11-oxo-1H,5H,11H-....
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H21N3O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
363.409744977951
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| Exact Mass |
363.158
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| CAS # |
1479071-34-5
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| PubChem CID |
102344531
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| Appearance |
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
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| LogP |
2.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
760
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C(C(/C=C(\C#N)/C(N(C)C)=O)=CC2=CC3CCCN4CCCC(=C12)C4=3)=O
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| InChi Key |
YCXQIYZKBAKCHQ-LFIBNONCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H21N3O3/c1-23(2)20(25)16(12-22)11-15-10-14-9-13-5-3-7-24-8-4-6-17(18(13)24)19(14)27-21(15)26/h9-11H,3-8H2,1-2H3/b16-11+
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| Chemical Name |
(E)-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-3-(4-oxo-3-oxa-13-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadeca-1,5,7,9(17)-tetraen-5-yl)prop-2-enamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 5 mg/mL (13.76 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7517 mL | 13.7586 mL | 27.5171 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5503 mL | 2.7517 mL | 5.5034 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2752 mL | 1.3759 mL | 2.7517 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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