| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of PTIO is nitric oxide (NO), a key signaling molecule involved in vasodilation, neurotransmission, and immune responses. PTIO functions as a radical scavenger that specifically binds to NO, mitigating its effects in various biological systems. The compound does not affect NOS activity, distinguishing it from other methods of NO perturbation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies demonstrate that PTIO effectively scavenges NO and blocks many biological actions mediated by NO. PTIO inhibits endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation mediated by NO in ex vivo systems. The vasorelaxant effects of NO on rabbit aorta smooth muscle were inhibited by PTIO. NO-induced enhancement of tumor vascular permeability was also blocked by PTIO compounds. PTIO can be used to examine nitric oxide synthase inhibitory activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have shown that PTIO suppresses the pathogenicity of excessively produced NO in endotoxin shock. The compound has been used to investigate the role of NO in various physiological and pathological processes. PTIO's ability to scavenge NO in vivo makes it a valuable tool for studying NO-mediated signaling and its contributions to inflammation, cardiovascular function, and other biological processes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for PTIO typically involve spectroscopic monitoring of its reaction with NO. The reaction between PTIO and NO can be followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the reaction can be determined by measuring the decrease in PTIO absorbance or the formation of reaction products. These cell-free systems allow for precise characterization of the compound's NO-scavenging properties.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for PTIO are conducted using various cell types to study NO-mediated signaling. Endothelial cells are treated with PTIO to block NO-induced vasorelaxation. Macrophages are used to study the effects of NO scavenging on inflammatory responses. The compound's ability to inhibit NO-mediated cellular effects is assessed by measuring cGMP levels, cell proliferation, or other NO-dependent readouts.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for PTIO typically involve rodent models of inflammation, endotoxin shock, or cardiovascular disease. The compound is administered via intravenous or intraperitoneal injection. Endpoints include blood pressure measurement, assessment of vascular function, measurement of NO and its metabolites, and evaluation of inflammatory markers. These studies provide insights into the role of NO in various disease states.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of PTIO are not well-characterized, as the compound is primarily used as a research tool. The compound has a molecular weight of 233.29 g/mol and is soluble in organic solvents. Its water-soluble derivative Carboxy-PTIO is often used for in vivo applications. PTIO is stable as a solid and should be stored at -20°C protected from light.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for PTIO are limited, as it is a research reagent not intended for human use. The compound is for research use only. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling PTIO. No significant toxicity has been reported at the doses used in research studies. The compound should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment.
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| References |
[1]. Xia JL , et al. Putrescine regulates nitric oxide accumulation in Ganoderma lucidum partly by influencing cellular glutamine levels under heat stress. Microbiol Res. 2020;239:126521.
[2]. Goldstein S, et al. Reactions of PTIO and carboxy-PTIO with *NO, *NO2, and O2-*. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(51):50949-50955. |
| Additional Infomation |
The first source provides a partial structure; endothelial diastolic factor antagonist.
Other information includes PTIO's role as a stable radical scavenger for nitric oxide. It is also known as α-phenyltetramethylnitronyl nitroxide. PTIO and its water-soluble derivative Carboxy-PTIO have been demonstrated to block many biological actions mediated by NO. The PTIO method can be used to quantify the relative NO-scavenging capacity of other compounds. The compound is available as a research reagent with ≥98% purity. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H17N2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
233.29
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| Exact Mass |
233.128
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| CAS # |
18390-00-6
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| PubChem CID |
2733513
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| Appearance |
Brown to black solid powder
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| Density |
1.17g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
359.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
171.3ºC
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| LogP |
2.058
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
316
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[O-][N+]1=C(C2C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=2[H])N(C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C1(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])[O] |^1:33|
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| InChi Key |
DYUUGILMVYJEHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H17N2O2/c1-12(2)13(3,4)15(17)11(14(12)16)10-8-6-5-7-9-10/h5-9H,1-4H3
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (428.65 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2865 mL | 21.4326 mL | 42.8651 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8573 mL | 4.2865 mL | 8.5730 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4287 mL | 2.1433 mL | 4.2865 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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