| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
There is no classical biological target for CUAT as a drug. It is a chemical compound studied for its structural properties. Copper-amino acid complexes have been explored for pharmacological activities, including anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects, due to the role of copper as an essential trace element. CUAT can be studied as a model for the interaction of copper complexes with proteins, DNA, or cellular transporters.
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| ln Vitro |
As a synthetic coordination complex, its primary "activity" is in its defined solid-state structure and solution behavior. The in vitro activity can be studied by analyzing how the copper center interacts with small molecules or proteins. The crystal structure revealed that the tetramer has a square-like arrangement of copper ions with dimensions of ~5.2 Angstrom x 5.2 Angstrom. The ligands can adopt different coordination modes, forming 5- and 6-membered chelate rings with the metal.
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| ln Vivo |
There are no known in vivo activities for CUAT itself. This is a fundamental inorganic chemistry research compound used to study metal coordination and crystallization. As part of a broader class of copper-amino acid complexes, CUAT might share some bioactivity such as the potential for anti-inflammatory activity, but this specific compound has not been characterized for any in vivo effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The primary in vitro analysis for CUAT is single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This technique is used to determine its complex, solid-state structure. Crystals of the compound are mounted on a diffractometer, and the pattern of X-rays scattering from the crystal is used to solve the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, revealing the coordination geometry of the copper(II) ions and the bridging modes of the aspartate ligands.
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| Cell Assay |
This compound is a solid used for structural analysis and is not employed in standard cell-based assays. Researchers would typically use it as a reference or a starting material for studies on copper-amino acid coordination chemistry. If a cell-based study were to be performed, it would be dissolved in a suitable solvent (like DMSO or water) and added to cell culture to assess its uptake, potential cytotoxicity, or its ability to deliver copper ions intracellularly.
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| Animal Protocol |
No animal experiments have been conducted with CUAT. Its synthesis, crystal structure analysis, and characterization are purely ex vivo chemical studies. Studies investigating the in vivo effects of copper aspartate complexes (as potential nutritional supplements or therapeutic agents) have been performed with other simpler complexes, but not with this specific tetranuclear CUAT species.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable. As an inorganic complex, CUAT is not expected to have the pharmacokinetic properties of an organic drug. If it were to dissociate in solution, it would release copper ions and aspartate. The bioavailability would be dependent on the stability of the coordination complex in the biological environment and the ability of the large polynuclear species to be absorbed.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As a copper coordination compound, potential toxicity is related to the concentration of copper ions released. Copper is an essential metal, but at high concentrations it is cytotoxic due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The unique tetrameric structure may alter the redox activity of the copper centers and its interaction with biomolecules compared to simple copper salts. Comprehensive toxicity studies have not been performed for this specific complex.
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| References |
[1]. Zilka O, et al. Radical-Trapping Antioxidant Activity of Copper and Nickel Bis(Thiosemicarbazone) Complexes Underlies Their Potency as Inhibitors of Ferroptotic Cell Death. J Am Chem Soc. 2021 Nov 17;143(45):19043-19057.
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| Additional Infomation |
CUAT is a research chemical used in fundamental coordination chemistry. It has no known biological or pharmacological activity. The acronym is specifically used to describe the tetrameric structure reported in a thesis. It is not a drug, is not in clinical trials, and is not approved for any medical use. The CAS number 68341-12-8 is likely specific to the tetrameric copper(II) aspartate complex, which should not be confused with the simpler bis(L-aspartato)copper(II).
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H21CUN6S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
449.08
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| CAS # |
68341-12-8
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| Appearance |
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 4.55 mg/mL (10.20 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2268 mL | 11.1339 mL | 22.2677 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4454 mL | 2.2268 mL | 4.4535 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2227 mL | 1.1134 mL | 2.2268 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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