| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
IFITM2; IFITM3; hCBS (IC50 = 5.9 μM); hCSE (IC50 = 12.1 μM)
Multiple targets: It transiently reduces the expression of interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins (IFITM2/3), inhibits human cystine gamma lyase (hCSE, IC50=12.1 microM) and cystine beta synthase (hCBS, IC50=5.9 microM), and modulates xanthine oxidase (XOD) and renal urate transporters (URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1, ABCG2). |
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| ln Vitro |
In HeLa cells, caraphenol A (0–50 μM; 8 h) improves lentiviral vector (LV) gene delivery; however, in HEK293T cells, this effect is not seen [1]. In an endosomal transport-dependent manner, caraphenol A lessens transmembrane protein-mediated restriction induced by interferon [1]. Without altering LV integration patterns, caraphenol A dramatically enhances the delivery of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) genes in both low- and high-dose LV [1]. Lentivvirus escape from endosomes is enhanced by caraphenol A (30 μM; 6 h) [1]. In HeLa cells, caraphenol A (30 μM; 4 h) alters late endosome and IFITM2/3 protein expression and subcellular location. The expression of IFITM3 determines how Caraphenol A affects late endosomes [1].
In HeLa cells, Caraphenol A treatment (0-50 microM for 8 h) improves lentiviral vector (LV) gene delivery in an endosomal transport-dependent manner. It reduces IFITM protein expression and alters their subcellular location, which relieves a block to viral entry. It also inhibits the enzymes hCBS and hCSE in biochemical assays, which are involved in transsulfuration and hydrogen sulfide production. |
| ln Vivo |
Caraphenol A (30 μM; 4 h pretreatment)-treated hematopoietic stem cells preserve enhanced gene signatures in mice without altering the lentiviral integration profile [1].
In a mouse model of hyperuricemia (HUA), oral administration of caraphenol A significantly reduced serum uric acid levels and alleviated renal injury without systemic toxicity. Mechanistically, it suppressed hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and expression, and restored uric acid homeostasis by modulating renal transporters (URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1, ABCG2). |
| Enzyme Assay |
A biochemical assay for hCBS and hCSE inhibition can be performed. For hCBS, the enzyme is incubated with its substrates (cystathionine, cysteine, homocysteine) and varying concentrations of caraphenol A. The production of H2S is measured using a fluorescent probe like AzMC. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is calculated from the dose-response curve. For XOD, a fluorescence-based assay monitoring uric acid formation is used.
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| Cell Assay |
An in vitro assay for lentiviral gene delivery is performed by transducing HeLa cells with a GFP-encoding lentivirus in the presence or absence of caraphenol A (0-50 microM). After 48-72 hours, the percentage of GFP-positive cells is measured by flow cytometry. A higher percentage of GFP-positive cells indicates that the compound has improved the efficiency of viral transduction, overcoming a restriction mediated by IFITM proteins.
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| Animal Protocol |
The in vivo efficacy for hyperuricemia is tested in mice. Hyperuricemia is induced by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine. Test mice are then treated with caraphenol A or a positive control (e.g., allopurinol) by oral gavage. After treatment, blood samples are collected to measure serum uric acid, creatinine, and BUN levels. Kidney tissues are also collected for histopathological analysis (H&E staining) to assess renal injury.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of caraphenol A are not well-characterized in the literature. For in vivo studies, it is formulated in appropriate vehicles and administered via oral gavage, indicating it has sufficient oral bioavailability to exert systemic effects. It is a highly lipophilic molecule, with a LogP value of 6.5, suggesting it would have high membrane permeability but potentially low aqueous solubility, requiring careful formulation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In a mouse model of hyperuricemia, caraphenol A was reported to be safe and without systemic toxicity at the tested doses, which effectively lowered serum uric acid. This is a key finding, as many standard-of-care treatments for hyperuricemia have significant side effects. As a naturally derived compound from a traditional medicine, it is generally considered to have an acceptable safety profile for research applications.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Reports have indicated that Caragana sinica contains Caraphenol A, and relevant data is available for reference.
Caraphenol A is a bioactive natural product being studied for its therapeutic potential. Besides its effects on uric acid metabolism, it has also been identified as a molecule that can safely enhance lentiviral vector gene delivery to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This application makes it a valuable tool in ex vivo gene therapy protocols. It is not an approved drug but is in preclinical research. It was first isolated from Caragana sinica and its total synthesis has been reported. |
| Molecular Formula |
C42H28O9
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
676.67
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| Exact Mass |
676.173
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| CAS # |
354553-35-8
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| PubChem CID |
484751
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.786
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| LogP |
6.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
51
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| Complexity |
1230
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
|
| SMILES |
C1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)[C@H]2[C@@H]3C4=C5C(=CC(=C4)O)OC(=C5C6=C7C(=CC(=C6)O)O[C@H](C8=CC=C(C=C8)O)[C@H]7C9=C3C(=CC(=C9)O)O2)C%10=CC=C(C=C%10)O
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| InChi Key |
ULEJGXIKBFHUOY-PIQPXYRBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C42H28O9/c43-22-7-1-19(2-8-22)40-37-28-13-25(46)17-32-35(28)39(42(50-32)21-5-11-24(45)12-6-21)30-15-27(48)18-33-36(30)38(29-14-26(47)16-31(49-40)34(29)37)41(51-33)20-3-9-23(44)10-4-20/h1-18,37-38,40-41,43-48H/t37-,38+,40+,41-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(10R,11R,18S,19S)-3,11,19-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,20-trioxaheptacyclo[16.6.1.12,5.110,13.021,25.09,27.017,26]heptacosa-1(25),2,5,7,9(27),13,15,17(26),21,23-decaene-7,15,23-triol
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| Synonyms |
Caraphenol A
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL (73.89 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.4778 mL | 7.3891 mL | 14.7783 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2956 mL | 1.4778 mL | 2.9557 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1478 mL | 0.7389 mL | 1.4778 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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