| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HSA does not have a specific pharmacological "target" in the sense of a receptor or enzyme. Its function is as a carrier protein and a regulator of oncotic pressure. It binds to a diverse array of ligands through multiple binding sites, including the Sudlow site I and site II, which are located in its two principal subdomains. This promiscuous binding ability allows it to serve as a major transport vehicle in the bloodstream, affecting the distribution, free concentration, and metabolism of many drugs and endogenous compounds.
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| ln Vitro |
HSA is not evaluated for traditional in vitro "activity" but for its binding capacity and its effects on cell culture. In vitro, its primary utility is as a supplement in cell culture media, where it provides a source of protein and helps to stabilize other proteins and growth factors. Its ability to bind fatty acids and other small molecules is characterized using techniques like fluorescence spectroscopy or equilibrium dialysis.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, HSA is a natural component of plasma. Its physiological functions include maintaining blood oncotic pressure, transporting endogenous and exogenous ligands, and exerting antioxidant effects. In a therapeutic context, exogenous HSA is administered intravenously to patients with hypoalbuminemia to restore blood volume and protein levels.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The binding affinity of various compounds to HSA is typically assessed using in vitro techniques. Fluorescence spectroscopy is commonly used, where a fluorescent ligand, such as dansylsarcosine or warfarin, is displaced by the test compound, and the change in fluorescence is measured. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) can also be used to directly measure the thermodynamics of the interaction.
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| Cell Assay |
HSA is used as a supplement in cell culture media to support cell growth and viability. It is added at concentrations of 0.1-5% (w/v) to basal media, often in combination with other supplements like fetal bovine serum (FBS). Its presence helps to stabilize proteins and protect cells from shear stress.
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| Animal Protocol |
HSA is used as a carrier protein for drugs in in vivo studies. It is also a standard for calibrating assays that measure total protein or albumin concentration in biological samples. Recombinant HSA (rHSA) produced from transgenic rice is available as an animal-free alternative for research and cell culture applications.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
HSA has a molecular weight of approximately 66.5 kDa and is composed of 585 amino acids. It is a water-soluble, acidic protein with an isoelectric point of around 4.7. It is stable under physiological conditions and has a long half-life in the circulation (approximately 19 days). It is available as a lyophilized powder or as a solution.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
HSA is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as an excipient or as a plasma volume expander. As a naturally occurring human protein, it has a low immunogenicity profile. However, there is a risk of allergic reactions, although this is rare with highly purified preparations.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
HSA is a versatile biomolecule with essential physiological functions and broad applications in research and medicine. It is used as a carrier for drugs, a supplement in cell culture, a standard for protein assays, and a plasma volume expander. Its ability to bind a wide range of ligands makes it a key factor in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It is not a drug itself but a critical reagent and therapeutic agent.
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| Molecular Formula |
C19H30CLN5O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
459.92440366745
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| CAS # |
70024-90-7
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| SMILES |
Cl.O1CCCC1C(N1CCN(C2N=C(C3C=C(C(=CC=3N=2)OC)OC)N)CC1)=O.O.O
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1743 mL | 10.8715 mL | 21.7429 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4349 mL | 2.1743 mL | 4.3486 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2174 mL | 1.0871 mL | 2.1743 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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