| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Not applicable. Sodium (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate-d3 is not a pharmacologically active drug; it is an analytical internal standard. The unlabeled compound, sodium L-lactate, is an endogenous metabolite produced during anaerobic glycolysis (the Cori cycle). L-Lactate is the conjugate base of lactic acid and serves as an energy substrate, a gluconeogenic precursor, and a signaling molecule. It binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR81 (HCAR1) and modulates immune cell function and metabolism.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, the unlabeled sodium L-lactate is produced by cells under hypoxic conditions or during high glycolytic flux (Warburg effect in cancer cells). It is used as a supplement in cell culture media to study metabolism, pH regulation, and cellular signaling. L-Lactate activates the GPR81 receptor, leading to inhibition of lipolysis and modulation of immune responses. The d3-labeled version has no biological activity and is used purely as an analytical standard. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-lactate is produced endogenously during anaerobic glycolysis and is rapidly interconverted with pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). It circulates in blood at concentrations of 0.5-2.2 mM in healthy humans and serves as an important energy substrate for the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. Elevated lactate levels (hyperlactatemia) occur during exercise, sepsis, shock, and tissue hypoxia. The d3-labeled standard is used as an internal standard for quantification.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. As an analytical internal standard, Sodium (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate-d3 is used in LC-MS/MS or GC-MS methods for the quantification of L-lactate in biological fluids such as blood, plasma, serum, urine, and cell culture media. A typical non-cellular workflow involves: preparing the d3-labeled compound as an internal standard; adding it to samples; protein precipitation with methanol or acetonitrile; derivatization (if required, e.g., with dansyl hydrazine or other reagents for enhanced detection); separation by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) or reversed-phase HPLC; and detection by tandem mass spectrometry using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of the parent→product ion transitions.
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| Cell Assay |
Not applicable. Sodium (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate-d3 is not used in standard cell-based assays for pharmacological purposes. As an analytical internal standard, it is added to cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, or growth media for quantitation of lactate production. In metabolic studies, cells may be treated with drugs affecting glycolysis (e.g., 2-deoxyglucose, dichloroacetate), and lactate levels are measured using the d3-labeled standard. The labeled standard itself is not a treatment.
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| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable. Sodium (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate-d3 is not used as a therapeutic agent in animal experiments. It is an analytical internal standard for ex vivo quantitation. In animal models of metabolic disease, exercise, sepsis, or cancer, blood or tissue lactate levels are measured using the d3-labeled standard during LC-MS/MS analysis. In tracer studies, 13C- or D-labeled lactate may be infused into animals to study metabolic flux (e.g., Cori cycle, gluconeogenesis), but the d3-labeled version described is primarily for internal standard use.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable. Sodium (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate-d3 is not a drug candidate; therefore, no pharmacokinetic parameters are reported. The compound is supplied as a solid with minimum 96% chemical purity and 98 atom % deuterium enrichment. It is stable when stored under recommended conditions for at least three years. Storage should be at room temperature. The unlabeled compound (sodium L-lactate) is a naturally occurring endogenous metabolite with a half-life in circulation of minutes to hours, cleared primarily by the liver and kidneys.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Not applicable. Toxicity studies are not performed for analytical reference standards like Sodium (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate-d3, as it is not intended for human consumption. The unlabeled compound, sodium L-lactate, is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA and is widely used as a food additive (E325) and in pharmaceutical formulations (e.g., intravenous fluids for fluid resuscitation, Ringer's lactate solution). At very high doses, hyperlactatemia can cause metabolic acidosis, but this requires excessive accumulation. Standard laboratory safety precautions apply.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Sodium (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate-d3 (Sodium L-lactate-d3) is a stable isotope-labeled internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification of lactate, a key metabolite in glycolysis and cellular metabolism. Lactate is not only a metabolic waste product but also an important signaling molecule and energy substrate. Lactate levels are clinically relevant in sepsis, shock, cancer (Warburg effect), and exercise physiology. This product is strictly a research-grade analytical standard for metabolomics, clinical chemistry, and drug development applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C3H2D3NAO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
115.08
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| Exact Mass |
115.032
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| CAS # |
285979-84-2
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| Related CAS # |
Sodium (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate;867-56-1
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| PubChem CID |
71310297
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
163-165ºC(lit.)
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
7
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| Complexity |
63.2
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])O.[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
NGSFWBMYFKHRBD-QQAVFRBQSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H6O3.Na/c1-2(4)3(5)6;/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6);/q;+1/p-1/t2-;/m0./s1/i1D3;
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;(2S)-3,3,3-trideuterio-2-hydroxypropanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.6896 mL | 43.4480 mL | 86.8961 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7379 mL | 8.6896 mL | 17.3792 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8690 mL | 4.3448 mL | 8.6896 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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