| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Not applicable. Neopterin-13C5 is an analytical internal standard, not a pharmacologically active drug. The unlabeled compound, D-(+)-neopterin, is an endogenous metabolite produced by activated macrophages upon stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). It does not have a direct pharmacological target but serves as a sensitive and specific biomarker of Th1-type cellular immune activation, particularly in conditions involving infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and allograft rejection.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as tracers that influence measurement during the drug development process. It's possible that the pharmacokinetics and functional range of medications contribute to the concern over mutagenesis [1].
In vitro, the unlabeled neopterin is produced by activated macrophages and monocyte-derived cells upon stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). It can be measured in cell culture supernatants as a marker of macrophage activation. Neopterin has been shown to exert various immunological effects, including induction of apoptosis in certain cell types, enhancement of reactive oxygen species production, and modulation of T-cell responses. The 13C5-labeled version has no biological activity. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, neopterin is produced by macrophages and dendritic cells activated by Th1-type immune responses, particularly by IFN-gamma. Elevated levels of neopterin are detected in serum and urine during viral infections (e.g., HIV, hepatitis, COVID-19), bacterial infections (including sepsis), autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus), allograft rejection, and various malignancies. Neopterin levels correlate with disease severity and prognosis. The 13C5-labeled version is used as an internal standard.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. As an analytical internal standard, Neopterin-13C5 is used in LC-MS/MS or GC-MS methods for the quantification of endogenous neopterin in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. A typical non-cellular workflow involves: preparing the 13C5-labeled compound as an internal standard; adding it to samples; protein precipitation or dilution with mobile phase; separation by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) or reversed-phase C18 chromatography; and detection by tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the parent→product ion transitions (e.g., m/z 254→208 for unlabeled neopterin and m/z 259→213 for 13C5-labeled).
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| Cell Assay |
Not applicable. Neopterin-13C5 is not used in standard cell-based assays for pharmacological purposes. As an analytical internal standard, it is added to biological samples (such as cell culture supernatants, lysates, or patient samples) for quantitation only. If cell-based studies are performed with the unlabeled compound, they involve stimulating macrophages with IFN-gamma and measuring neopterin production by ELISA or LC-MS/MS, where the 13C5-labeled standard may be used for accurate quantitation.
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| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable. Neopterin-13C5 is not used in animal experiments as a therapeutic agent. It is an analytical internal standard for ex vivo quantitation. In animal studies of immune activation (e.g., infection, inflammation, cancer models), serum or urine neopterin levels are measured as a biomarker of Th1 immune response. The 13C5-labeled standard is added during LC-MS/MS analysis of collected samples to ensure accurate quantification. The labeled compound itself is not administered to the animals.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable. Neopterin-13C5 is not a drug candidate; therefore, no pharmacokinetic parameters are reported. The compound is supplied as a solid with a molecular weight of 258.18 and isotopic purity ≥95%. It has a molecular formula of C4(13C)5H11N5O4. For storage, it should be kept at -20degC in a dry, well-ventilated place. It is stable for at least one year when stored under recommended conditions. The unlabeled compound has an elimination half-life in humans of approximately 2-3 hours and is excreted unchanged in urine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Not applicable. Toxicity studies are not performed for analytical reference standards like Neopterin-13C5, as it is not intended for human consumption or therapeutic use. The unlabeled compound, D-(+)-neopterin, is an endogenous metabolite naturally present in all humans and is not associated with toxicity even at elevated levels (which signal underlying immune activation but are not directly toxic). Standard laboratory safety precautions apply when handling the labeled material.
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| References |
[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019 Feb;53(2):211-216.
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| Additional Infomation |
Neopterin is a pterin derivative present in bodily fluids; its levels can be elevated by immune system activation, malignant tumors, allogeneic transplant rejection, and viral infections. (From Stedman, 26th edition) Neopterin is also a precursor in the biosynthesis of biological pterin.
See also: Neopterin (note moved here). Neopterin-13C5 is a stable isotope-labeled internal standard for the LC-MS/MS quantification of neopterin, a well-established biomarker for cellular immune activation. Neopterin levels are used clinically to monitor disease activity in HIV/AIDS (predicts progression to AIDS), cancer (prognostic marker in various malignancies), autoimmune diseases, and allograft rejection. The unlabeled compound is not a drug but a diagnostic biomarker. The 13C5-labeled version is strictly a research-grade analytical standard for mass spectrometry applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H11N5O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
253.214740991592
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| Exact Mass |
253.081
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| CAS # |
1217632-04-6
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| Related CAS # |
Neopterin;2009-64-5
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| PubChem CID |
135408877
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
-3.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
363
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
BMQYVXCPAOLZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H11N5O4/c10-9-13-7-5(8(18)14-9)12-3(1-11-7)6(17)4(16)2-15/h1,4,6,15-17H,2H2,(H3,10,11,13,14,18)
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-3H-pteridin-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9493 mL | 19.7465 mL | 39.4929 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7899 mL | 3.9493 mL | 7.8986 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3949 mL | 1.9746 mL | 3.9493 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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