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| Targets |
Lepidiline C targets cancer cells, particularly HL-60 leukemia cells, with demonstrated cytotoxic activity. The compound exhibits notable bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties. Its potential role in modulating cellular redox balance and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation has drawn attention in natural product and pharmacological research. As an imidazole alkaloid, it may interact with various cellular targets involved in cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and microbial growth. The compound's cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells suggests interactions with pathways regulating cell survival and apoptosis.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Lepidiline C exhibits cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells with an IC50 of 27.7 μM. The compound also shows notable bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties. Its potential role in modulating cellular redox balance and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation has been investigated. As a naturally occurring imidazole alkaloid, its biological activities have been characterized in various in vitro systems. These in vitro findings support its potential applications in cancer research and natural product pharmacology. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its mechanisms of action and spectrum of activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of Lepidiline C are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a research chemical for in vitro studies. Its cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells suggests potential for in vivo evaluation in animal models of leukemia or other cancers. The compound's antioxidant and antimicrobial properties also indicate potential for in vivo evaluation in relevant disease models. However, comprehensive in vivo studies are not well documented in the available literature. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic use. Further research is needed to fully characterize its in vivo efficacy and safety.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro cytotoxicity assays for Lepidiline C involve testing its activity against HL-60 leukemia cells. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for specified durations (typically 24-72 hours), after which cell viability is assessed using MTT, CCK-8, or similar colorimetric assays. IC50 values are determined from dose-response curves, with a reported IC50 of 27.7 μM for HL-60 cells. Antioxidant activity is assessed using cell-free systems such as DPPH radical scavenging assays. Antimicrobial activity is evaluated using standard broth microdilution or agar diffusion methods. All assays are performed with appropriate controls and standardized protocols to ensure reproducibility of results.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Lepidiline C involve culturing HL-60 leukemia cells to evaluate its cytotoxic activity. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for specified durations (24-72 hours). Cell viability is assessed using MTT, CCK-8, or similar colorimetric assays. Apoptosis is quantified using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining or via caspase activity measurements. For antioxidant studies, cells are treated with the compound and then exposed to oxidative stress inducers; reactive oxygen species levels are measured using fluorescent probes. For antimicrobial studies, bacterial or fungal cultures are treated and cell viability is monitored. All experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate controls to ensure statistical reliability.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Lepidiline C would be conducted to evaluate its anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. For anticancer studies, tumor-bearing animals (typically mice) would be treated with the compound and tumor growth monitored. For antioxidant studies, animals would be administered the compound and markers of oxidative stress measured. For antimicrobial studies, infected animals would be treated and microbial load assessed. Parameters assessed would include body weight, tumor size, survival, and general health. Control groups receiving vehicle alone would be included for comparison. All procedures would comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines. Comprehensive in vivo studies are not well documented in the available literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Lepidiline C reflect its nature as a small imidazole alkaloid. It has a molecular weight of 342.86 and the molecular formula C20H23ClN2O. The compound appears as a white to off-white solid and has a purity of ≥98%. The compound is stored at -20°C. Its physicochemical properties including LogP and solubility would need to be characterized for pharmacokinetic studies. As a small molecule, it may be able to cross biological membranes. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, half-life, and bioavailability would require further systematic studies using appropriate analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Lepidiline C has been evaluated in the context of its use as a research chemical. The compound exhibits cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells, indicating potential for cytotoxic effects. Its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties suggest biological activity that should be carefully evaluated. As with all research chemicals, proper handling procedures including use of personal protective equipment are recommended. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is intended for research purposes only. Long-term toxicity studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile. The compound's natural occurrence in maca suggests it may have a favorable safety profile at concentrations found in the plant.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Lepidiline C (CAS# 2750933-59-4) is a naturally occurring imidazole alkaloid isolated from the root of Lepidium meyenii Walpers (maca). It has the molecular formula C20H23ClN2O and a molecular weight of 342.86. Also known as 1-benzyl-3-(3-methoxybenzyl)-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride, the compound exhibits notable bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties. Lepidiline C shows cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells with an IC50 of 27.7 μM. It has drawn attention in natural product and pharmacological research for its potential role in modulating cellular redox balance and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. The compound is intended for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H23CLN2O
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| Molecular Weight |
342.862424135208
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| Exact Mass |
342.149
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| CAS # |
2750933-59-4
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| PubChem CID |
141228268
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
356
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=C([N+](=CN1CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC3=CC(=CC=C3)OC)C.[Cl-]
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| InChi Key |
GAONRCCEJWTNND-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H23N2O.ClH/c1-16-17(2)22(14-19-10-7-11-20(12-19)23-3)15-21(16)13-18-8-5-4-6-9-18;/h4-12,15H,13-14H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
1-benzyl-3-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dimethylimidazol-3-ium;chloride
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| Synonyms |
Lepidiline C
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (291.66 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9166 mL | 14.5832 mL | 29.1664 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5833 mL | 2.9166 mL | 5.8333 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2917 mL | 1.4583 mL | 2.9166 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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