| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone targets the metabolic pathways of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. As an electron transfer mediator, it modifies glucose metabolism in homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. In bifidobacteria, it serves as a growth stimulator and influences the end-product profile through the mediated oxidation of NAD(P)H. The compound's mechanism involves electron transfer that alters the redox balance and metabolic flux in these bacteria. These effects on bacterial metabolism suggest potential applications in probiotic research and food microbiology. The compound's targets are bacterial metabolic enzymes involved in glucose utilization and NAD(P)H oxidation.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone acts as an electron transfer mediator in bacterial cultures. The compound modifies glucose metabolism in homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. It serves as a growth stimulator for bifidobacteria and influences their end-product profile through the mediated oxidation of NAD(P)H. The compound's effects on bacterial metabolism have been characterized in various in vitro systems using bacterial cultures and metabolic assays. These in vitro findings support its applications in microbiology research and probiotic development. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its mechanisms of action and effects on different bacterial species.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a research chemical for in vitro bacterial studies. Its effects on bacterial metabolism suggest potential applications in modulating the gut microbiome in vivo. As an electron transfer mediator, it may influence bacterial populations and metabolic activities in the gastrointestinal tract. However, comprehensive in vivo studies evaluating its safety, efficacy, and effects on the microbiome are not well documented. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic use. Further research is needed to fully characterize its in vivo effects.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone typically involve testing its activity as an electron transfer mediator. The compound's ability to oxidize NAD(P)H is measured spectrophotometrically by monitoring the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm. Bacterial metabolic assays are used to assess the compound's effects on glucose metabolism in homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Growth stimulation assays are performed with bifidobacteria cultures to evaluate the compound's effects on bacterial growth and end-product formation. All assays are performed with appropriate controls and standardized protocols to ensure reproducibility of results.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone involve culturing bacterial cells to evaluate its effects on metabolism and growth. Homofermentative lactic acid bacteria are cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound, and glucose metabolism is monitored by measuring glucose consumption and end-product formation. Bifidobacteria cultures are treated with the compound and growth is measured by optical density or colony counting. The compound's effects on NAD(P)H oxidation are assessed by measuring redox ratios. All experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate controls to ensure statistical reliability.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone are not well documented, as the compound is primarily used for in vitro bacterial studies. For potential microbiome modulation studies, animals would be administered the compound orally and the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiome would be assessed. Parameters assessed would include bacterial populations, short-chain fatty acid production, and markers of gut health. Control groups receiving vehicle alone would be included for comparison. All procedures would comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines. Comprehensive in vivo studies are not well documented in the available literature.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone reflect its nature as a small quinone compound. It has a molecular weight of 217.18 and the molecular formula C11H7NO4. The compound appears as a light brown to khaki solid. It has a purity of ≥98%. As a quinone, it may have redox-active properties that influence its stability and reactivity. The compound's physicochemical properties including solubility and LogP would need to be characterized for pharmacokinetic studies. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion would require further systematic studies using appropriate analytical methods.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone has been evaluated in the context of its use as a research chemical. As a quinone compound, it may have redox-active properties that could contribute to oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. The compound is classified as a research chemical intended for laboratory use only. Proper handling procedures including use of personal protective equipment are recommended. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use. Long-term toxicity studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile. The compound's effects on bacterial metabolism suggest it may have antimicrobial activity that should be carefully evaluated.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (CAS# 173043-38-4) is an electron transfer mediator. It has the molecular formula C11H7NO4 and a molecular weight of 217.18. The compound appears as a light brown to khaki solid and has a purity of ≥98%. It modifies the way homofermentative lactic acid bacteria metabolize glucose. The compound also serves as a novel growth stimulator for bifidobacteria, influencing their end-product profile through the mediated oxidation of NAD(P)H. It is classified as an alkaloid. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic use.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C11H7NO4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
217.18
|
| Exact Mass |
217.037
|
| CAS # |
173043-38-4
|
| PubChem CID |
135418289
|
| Appearance |
Light brown to khaki solid
|
| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
380.9±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
184.1±27.9 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.685
|
| LogP |
0.15
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
16
|
| Complexity |
410
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
NC1=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O |c:1|
|
| InChi Key |
LUUNBSJOKUEDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H7NO4/c12-8-7(11(15)16)9(13)5-3-1-2-4-6(5)10(8)14/h1-4,12-13H,(H,15,16)
|
| Chemical Name |
1-hydroxy-3-imino-4-oxonaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid
|
| Synonyms |
2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.6045 mL | 23.0224 mL | 46.0448 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9209 mL | 4.6045 mL | 9.2090 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4604 mL | 2.3022 mL | 4.6045 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
