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ln Vitro |
In Vero cells treated with 2 ng/mL TcdA, actoxumab (10 mg/kg WT or N297Q mutant (N297Q) actoxumab-bezlotoxumab; 2 h plus 24 h) strongly suppresses cell rounding activity[1].
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ln Vivo |
Actoxumab (0.1–10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg; ip; single dose) exhibits a protective effect in a variety of mouse models of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), encompassing primary and recurrent infection models in mice as well as systemic and local (gut) toxin challenge models[1]. When used in combination (a dosage of 3, 30, or 300 μg/mouse; intraperitoneal; single dose), actoxumab and bezlotoxumab work synergistically to protect both inflammatory illness and epithelial damage[1].
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Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Murine C. difficile infection model in CD1 and C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old)[1]
Doses: Combination dosage of 3, 30, 300 μg/mouse; or ~0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; single dose; 1 hour before 25 ng TcdA or 25 ng TcdB challenge Experimental Results: Protected with Bezlotoxumab, against systemic and intestinal toxin challenge in mice. Animal/Disease Models: Ileal loop model in CD1 and C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old)[1] Doses: 50 mg/kg; or combined with 50 mg/kg Bezlotoxumab Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; single dose Experimental Results: Dramatically decreased fluid accumulation in toxin-challenged mice (109.4 mg/cm). |
References |
[1]. Yang Z, et al. Mechanisms of protection against Clostridium difficile infection by the monoclonal antitoxin antibodies actoxumab and bezlotoxumab. Infect Immun. 2015 Feb;83(2):822-31.
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Molecular Weight |
145.9 (kDa)
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CAS # |
1245634-25-6
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.