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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of 2-Pyridinemethanol is associated with glucose metabolism pathways, as the compound exhibits hypoglycemic activity. It has been shown to interact with picolinic acid amidohydrolase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of picolinic acid to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a critical cofactor in the citric acid cycle. Additionally, 2-Pyridinemethanol derivatives have been identified as novel and selective Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) antagonists. The compound also functions as a metal chelator, suggesting potential interactions with metal-dependent enzymes and biological processes. Its role as a pharmaceutical intermediate indicates it may serve as a precursor to compounds with diverse pharmacological targets including anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory activities.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that 2-Pyridinemethanol exhibits hypoglycemic activity in cell-based assays. The compound has also shown potential apoptotic effects in human leukemia cells, indicating cytotoxic activity against certain cancer cell lines. As a metal chelate, 2-Pyridinemethanol inhibits picolinic acid amidohydrolase activity in vitro, affecting NAD biosynthesis pathways. The compound's derivatives have been evaluated as TRPV3 antagonists in cell-based receptor assays. Research has also explored its use in the synthesis of titanium alkoxide complexes with cytotoxic activity against cancer colony forming cells. These in vitro findings support its potential as a hypoglycemic agent and its utility in cancer research applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have documented the hypoglycemic activity of 2-Pyridinemethanol in standardized rodent models. At an oral dose of 150 mg/kg administered to 48-hour fasted Charles River rats, the compound reduced blood glucose levels by 4.0% at 1 hour, 6.0% at 2 hours, and 2.0% at 4 hours relative to vehicle control. This time-dependent hypoglycemic effect demonstrates the compound's bioavailability and pharmacological activity in living organisms. The intravenous LD50 in mice has been reported as 1,000 mg/kg. The compound's ability to lower blood glucose in vivo supports its potential therapeutic applications in metabolic disorders. Additional in vivo studies may be required to fully characterize its pharmacokinetic profile and dose-response relationship across different animal models.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for 2-Pyridinemethanol typically involve testing its inhibitory activity against target enzymes such as picolinic acid amidohydrolase. Enzyme activity is measured by monitoring the conversion of picolinic acid to NAD using spectrophotometric or chromatographic methods. For TRPV3 receptor binding studies, derivatives of 2-Pyridinemethanol are evaluated using radioligand binding assays or functional calcium flux assays in cell lines expressing the receptor. The compound's metal-chelating properties can be assessed using spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis or fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor metal ion coordination. IC50 values are typically determined from dose-response curves generated across a range of compound concentrations. Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems at physiological pH and temperature, with positive and negative controls included for validation.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 2-Pyridinemethanol involve culturing appropriate cell lines such as human leukemia cells to evaluate apoptotic effects. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for specified time periods (typically 24-72 hours), after which cell viability is assessed using MTT, CCK-8, or similar colorimetric assays. Apoptosis is quantified using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining or via caspase activity assays. For hypoglycemic activity evaluation, glucose uptake assays are performed in hepatocyte or adipocyte cell lines treated with the compound, with glucose consumption measured using biochemical assays. Cytotoxicity is determined by calculating IC50 values from dose-response curves. Proper controls including vehicle controls and positive controls (e.g., known hypoglycemic agents) are included. All experiments are performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for 2-Pyridinemethanol typically utilize rodent models such as Charles River rats to evaluate hypoglycemic activity. Animals are fasted for 48 hours prior to oral administration of the compound at doses such as 150 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels are measured at multiple time points (e.g., 1, 2, and 4 hours post-administration) using glucometers or enzymatic assays. For toxicity studies, mice are administered the compound intravenously to determine LD50 values. Body weight, food intake, and general health status are monitored throughout the study period. Appropriate control groups receiving vehicle alone are included for comparison. At study termination, blood and tissue samples may be collected for further biochemical and histopathological analysis. All procedures must comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of 2-Pyridinemethanol have been partially characterized. The compound is highly soluble in water and fully miscible in various solvents. It has a LogP value of approximately 0.1-0.57, indicating moderate hydrophilicity. The boiling point is 220-223°C and the melting point is approximately -6 to 5°C. The compound has a vapor pressure of 0.02-0.06 mmHg. These physicochemical properties suggest good oral bioavailability and absorption characteristics. As a small molecule (MW 109.13) with hydrogen bond donor and acceptor capabilities, it is expected to be readily absorbed and distributed throughout the body. The compound's polar nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds may facilitate its transport across biological membranes. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including half-life, clearance, and volume of distribution would require further systematic studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of 2-Pyridinemethanol has been established through various hazard assessments. The compound is classified as Acute Toxicity Category 4 (H302: Harmful if swallowed). It causes skin irritation (Category 2, H315), serious eye irritation (Category 2A, H319), and may cause respiratory irritation (Category 3, H335). The intravenous LD50 in mice is 1,000 mg/kg. GHS precautionary statements include wearing protective gloves, eye protection, and face protection. In case of swallowing, immediate medical attention is recommended. The compound is also classified for acute dermal toxicity (Category 4) and acute inhalation toxicity (Category 4). Short-term effects may include eye irritation, respiratory discomfort, and skin sensitization, primarily due to its polarity and ability to disrupt lipid membranes. Proper handling procedures and safety equipment are essential when working with this compound.
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| References |
[1]. Kim DS, et al. Hydroesterification of alkenes with sodium formate and alcohols promoted by cooperative catalysis of Ru3(CO)12 and 2-pyridinemethanol. J Org Chem. 2014 Dec 19;79(24):12191-6.
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| Additional Infomation |
2-Pyridylmethanol is a type of pyridine compound.
2-Pyridinemethanol (CAS# 586-98-1) is also known as pyridin-2-ylmethanol, 2-pyridylcarbinol, 2-pyridinylmethanol, α-picolyl alcohol, pyridine-2-carbinol, and piconol. The compound has a density of 1.131 g/cm³, a topological polar surface area of 33.1 Ų, and one hydrogen bond donor and two acceptors. It is stable under recommended storage conditions (2-8°C). The compound is used as an intermediate in the production of nicotinamide derivatives, vasodilators, antiseptics, and other pyridine-based drugs. It participates in hydrogen bonding, nucleophilic substitution, and oxidation reactions. Research has explored its use in synthesizing TRPV3 antagonists and titanium-based anticancer complexes. The compound's hypoglycemic activity was documented in a study on hydroesterification of alkenes. It is intended for research purposes only and not for human clinical or diagnostic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H7NO
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
109.13
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| Exact Mass |
109.052
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| CAS # |
586-98-1
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| PubChem CID |
11474
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：1.131 g/cm3）
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
222.6±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
5 °C
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| Flash Point |
81.7±20.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.1±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.551
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| LogP |
-0.46
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
65.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
OCC1=NC=CC=C1
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| InChi Key |
SHNUBALDGXWUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H7NO/c8-5-6-3-1-2-4-7-6/h1-4,8H,5H2
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| Chemical Name |
pyridin-2-ylmethanol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.1634 mL | 45.8169 mL | 91.6338 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8327 mL | 9.1634 mL | 18.3268 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9163 mL | 4.5817 mL | 9.1634 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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