| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
10(E)-Pentadecenoic acid does not have a defined pharmacological target. As a long-chain fatty acid, it can be incorporated into cellular membranes, affecting membrane fluidity and lipid raft organization. It is also a substrate for lipid metabolism enzymes, including acyl-CoA synthetases, beta-oxidation enzymes, and desaturases. It can be elongated and desaturated to form longer-chain fatty acids. In certain contexts, it acts as an inhibitor of IFN-gamma-induced production of kynurenine.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 10(E)-Pentadecenoic acid inhibits IFN-gamma-induced production of kynurenine in THP-1 cells by 14% when used at a concentration of 20 microM. It has also been used in studies of alternative beta-oxidation pathways, where it may be metabolized differently than saturated fatty acids. As a monounsaturated fatty acid, it can be expected to have effects on cell viability and inflammation, but detailed potency data is not extensively reported. It is characterized by its purity (≥98%) and is supplied in various solvents (ethanol, DMF, DMSO) for laboratory use.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 10(E)-Pentadecenoic acid has been used in studies of alternative beta-oxidation pathways in animal models. It is a tracer molecule for studying the metabolism of odd-chain and monounsaturated fatty acids. As a trans fatty acid, it may have effects on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity that are similar to other trans fatty acids, although its specific in vivo effects are less characterized. Detailed in vivo efficacy data for disease models is not available.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard non-cellular biochemical assay for fatty acids is the measurement of their ability to inhibit fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or other lipases. For 10(E)-Pentadecenoic acid, a typical assay would use recombinant human FAAH enzyme and a fluorescent substrate (e.g., AMC conjugated to a fatty acid). The enzyme is incubated with the substrate and varying concentrations of the test compound. The release of the fluorescent AMC group is measured (excitation 335 nm, emission 460 nm). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is calculated from the dose-response curve. This assay is used to evaluate if a fatty acid can act as a competitive inhibitor of endogenous lipid metabolism.
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| Cell Assay |
An in vitro cellular assay for fatty acids, such as 10(E)-Pentadecenoic acid, is the THP-1 (human monocytic cell line) kynurenine induction assay. THP-1 cells are differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 48 hours. Then, cells are treated with 20 uM of the test compound (or vehicle control) and stimulated with 10 ng/mL IFN-gamma for 24-48 hours. The cell culture supernatant is collected, and kynurenine levels are measured by ELISA. Kynurenine is a product of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway, which is upregulated by IFN-gamma. A 14% inhibition indicates mild anti-inflammatory activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, 10(E)-Pentadecenoic acid can be administered to mice to study alternative beta-oxidation pathways. Mice are fasted overnight, and then the test compound is administered via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10-50 mg/kg, formulated in a vehicle such as 10% DMSO, 40% PEG300, 5% Tween-80, and 45% saline. Blood and liver samples are collected at various time points (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 hours). Fatty acid metabolites are extracted, derivatized, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS to track the compound through various metabolic pathways, including chain shortening via beta-oxidation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
10(E)-Pentadecenoic acid is a 15-carbon unsaturated fatty acid. As a fatty acid, it is lipophilic and has low water solubility. For in vitro studies, it is typically dissolved in ethanol, DMSO, or DMF at concentrations up to 10-25 mg/mL. For in vivo administration, it is formulated with a surfactant or in an oil-based vehicle (e.g., corn oil) to enhance absorption. Its metabolic half-life is expected to be short (minutes to hours) due to rapid uptake into tissues and beta-oxidation. The compound is stable as a dry powder and should be stored at -20degC.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicological data for 10(E)-Pentadecenoic acid is not available. As a naturally occurring monounsaturated trans fatty acid, it is likely to have low acute toxicity. However, some trans fatty acids have been associated with adverse metabolic effects at high dietary intake levels, such as increased LDL cholesterol, reduced HDL cholesterol, and promotion of inflammation. The compound should be handled as a general chemical with standard laboratory precautions, avoiding inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.
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| References |
[1]. M Costabile, et al. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity by fatty acids and prostaglandins: A structure function analysis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2017 Jul;122:7-15.
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| Additional Infomation |
10-Pentadecenoic acid is a pentadecenoic acid with the double bond located at position 10.
10(E)-Pentadecenoic acid (CAS 321744-58-5) is a research-grade, 15-carbon, long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with a trans double bond at the 10-position. It is used as a standard in lipid research, particularly in studies of alternative beta-oxidation pathways. It inhibits IFN-gamma-induced production of kynurenine in THP-1 cells by 14% at 20 microM. The compound has been used in studies of lipid metabolism, membrane biophysics, and as a standard for analytical chemistry. It is not a drug and has no approved therapeutic indications. The compound is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H28O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
240.38
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| Exact Mass |
240.208
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| CAS # |
321744-58-5
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| Related CAS # |
10(Z)-Pentadecenoic acid;84743-29-3
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| PubChem CID |
17947915
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
321.9±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
218.9±14.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.466
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| LogP |
6.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
197
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
APXSAEQXOXTDAM-AATRIKPKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H28O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15(16)17/h5-6H,2-4,7-14H2,1H3,(H,16,17)/b6-5+
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| Chemical Name |
(E)-pentadec-10-enoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1601 mL | 20.8004 mL | 41.6008 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8320 mL | 4.1601 mL | 8.3202 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4160 mL | 2.0800 mL | 4.1601 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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