| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose targets enzymes involved in chitin degradation, such as chitinases and chitosanases. As a substrate for these enzymes, it is used to study their catalytic mechanisms and specificity. The compound also binds to chitin-binding proteins and receptors, including those involved in immune responses. Chitin oligosaccharides are known to activate immune responses in plants and animals through interactions with pattern recognition receptors. The compound's six N-acetylglucosamine units provide specific binding sites for chitin-binding domains.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose is used as a substrate for chitinases and chitosanases to study their enzymatic activity and specificity. The compound's degradation products are analyzed using chromatographic methods. Its binding to chitin-binding proteins and receptors has been characterized. The compound's ability to activate immune responses has been studied in various in vitro systems. These in vitro findings support its applications in enzymology, glycobiology, and immunology research.
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| ln Vivo |
using lentinan, an anticancer β-D-glucan, as the positive control on sarcoma 180 solid tumor in ddY mice. The growth of an allogenic solid tumor is significantly inhibited by hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose (100 mg/kg/day; 3 times; intravenous), resulting in a high tumor growth-inhibition ratio (85%) at 7 days after tumor implantation[3].
In vivo studies of Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose have focused on its immunomodulatory effects. Chitin oligosaccharides are known to activate immune responses in vivo through interactions with pattern recognition receptors. The compound has been studied in animal models for its effects on immune function and inflammation. Its degradation by chitinases in vivo releases smaller oligosaccharides that may have biological activities. Further research is needed to fully characterize its in vivo pharmacokinetic and immunomodulatory properties. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose typically involve testing its hydrolysis by chitinases and chitosanases. Enzyme activity is measured by monitoring the release of N-acetylglucosamine or smaller oligosaccharides using colorimetric, fluorometric, or chromatographic methods. The compound's binding to chitin-binding proteins is assessed using affinity chromatography, surface plasmon resonance, or isothermal titration calorimetry. For immune studies, the compound's ability to activate immune cells is assessed by measuring cytokine production. All assays are performed with appropriate controls and standardized protocols.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose involve culturing immune cells to evaluate its immunomodulatory effects. Cells such as macrophages or dendritic cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound and cytokine production is measured by ELISA. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar colorimetric assays. The compound's ability to activate pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors is evaluated using reporter gene assays. All experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate controls to ensure statistical reliability.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose utilize rodent models to evaluate its immunomodulatory effects. Animals are administered the compound orally or intraperitoneally, and immune responses are assessed. Parameters assessed include cytokine levels, immune cell activation, and inflammatory markers. The compound's effects on infection and inflammation are evaluated in disease models. Control groups receiving vehicle alone are included for comparison. All procedures comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose reflect its nature as an oligosaccharide. It has a molecular weight of approximately 1314.2 g/mol for the hexamer. As a hydrophilic oligosaccharide, it has limited absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. The compound is degraded by chitinases in the body to smaller oligosaccharides and N-acetylglucosamine. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion would require further systematic studies using appropriate analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose has been evaluated in the context of its use as a research chemical. As a chitin oligosaccharide, it is expected to have low toxicity. Chitin and its derivatives are generally recognized as safe. Proper handling procedures including use of personal protective equipment are recommended when working with pure compound. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is intended for research purposes only. Long-term toxicity studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
RN provided by Toxlit 8/88
Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose (CAS# 38854-46-5) is a chitin oligosaccharide consisting of six N-acetylglucosamine units linked by β-(1→4) glycosidic bonds. It is a well-defined oligomer of chitin, a natural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects. The compound is used in research applications for studying chitinases, chitin-binding proteins, and immune responses. Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose is a valuable tool for studying the enzymatic degradation of chitin and the biological activities of chitin oligosaccharides. It is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C48H80N6O31
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|---|---|
| Exact Mass |
1236.49
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| CAS # |
38854-46-5
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| Related CAS # |
Penta-N-acetylchitopentaose;36467-68-2;Tetra-N-acetylchitotetraose;2706-65-2
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| PubChem CID |
197182
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1652.6ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
>250°C (dec.)
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| Flash Point |
953.3ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.633
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| LogP |
-13.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
20
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
31
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
26
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| Heavy Atom Count |
85
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| Complexity |
2220
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
29
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| SMILES |
CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)NC(=O)C)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)NC(=O)C)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4O)NC(=O)C)O[C@@H]5[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]5O)NC(=O)C)O[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C=O)NC(=O)C)O)CO)CO)CO)CO)CO)O)O
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| InChi Key |
FUHDMRPNDKDRFE-LPUYKFNUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C48H80N6O31/c1-14(62)49-20(7-55)32(69)39(21(68)8-56)81-45-28(51-16(3)64)35(72)41(23(10-58)77-45)83-47-30(53-18(5)66)37(74)43(25(12-60)79-47)85-48-31(54-19(6)67)38(75)42(26(13-61)80-48)84-46-29(52-17(4)65)36(73)40(24(11-59)78-46)82-44-27(50-15(2)63)34(71)33(70)22(9-57)76-44/h7,20-48,56-61,68-75H,8-13H2,1-6H3,(H,49,62)(H,50,63)(H,51,64)(H,52,65)(H,53,66)(H,54,67)/t20-,21+,22+,23+,24+,25+,26+,27+,28+,29+,30+,31+,32+,33+,34+,35+,36+,37+,38+,39+,40+,41+,42+,43+,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
N-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-acetamido-1,2,4-trihydroxy-6-oxohexan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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