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Hemoglobin

Cat No.:V62372 Purity: ≥98%
Hemoglobin (hemoglobin) is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that has oxygen-binding properties.
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin Chemical Structure CAS No.: 9008-02-0
Product category: Peptides
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Product Description
Hemoglobin (hemoglobin) is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that has oxygen-binding properties. Hemoglobin is made up of heme, which binds to oxygen. Hemoglobin also transports other gases such as carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfide. Hemoglobin absorbs unwanted oxygen from tissues and works as an antioxidant.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ADME/Pharmacokinetics
Metabolism / Metabolites
There is a group of genetic disorders, known as the porphyrias that are characterized by errors in metabolic pathways of heme synthesis
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics
Protein Binding
This means that the oxygen binding curve for fetal hemoglobin is left-shifted (i.e., a higher percentage of hemoglobin has oxygen bound to it at lower oxygen tension), in comparison to that of adult hemoglobin
References

[1]. Ahmed MH, Ghatge MS, Safo MK. Hemoglobin: Structure, Function and Allostery. Subcell Biochem. 2020;94:345-382.

[2]. Role of hemoglobin structural-functional relationships in oxygen transport. Mol Aspects Med. 2022 Apr;84:101022.

Additional Infomation
The respiratory protein of the red blood cells. It consists primarily of globin and heme.
See also: Hemoglobins (annotation moved to).
Drug Indication
Investigated for use/treatment in blood (blood forming organ disorders, unspecified) and hemorrhage.
Mechanism of Action
A heme group is made up of iron (Fe) ion (charged atom) located in a heterocyclic ring, which is also called a porphyrin ring. The site of oxygen binding, the iron ion, binds with the nitrogens located in the center of the porphyrin ring. The iron ion binds with high affinity to the globular protein through the imidazole ring of the F8 residue on histidine which is found below the porphyrin ring. A sixth position can bind reversibly to oxygen, completing the formation of the octahedral group. One oxygen atom binds Fe and the other is found to protrude at an angle. When oxygen is not bound to Fe, a water molecule (weakly bound) fills the site, producing a distorted shape, often described as an octahedron.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Weight
0
Exact Mass
226.074
CAS #
9008-02-0
PubChem CID
13285535
Appearance
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
Density
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point
400.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point
196.3±28.7 °C
Vapour Pressure
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction
1.609
LogP
2.95
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
1
Heavy Atom Count
17
Complexity
353
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
InChi Key
INGWEZCOABYORO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C13H10N2O2/c1-8-4-5-9-11(16)7-10(15-13(9)14-8)12-3-2-6-17-12/h2-7H,1H3,(H,14,15,16)
Chemical Name
2-(furan-2-yl)-7-methyl-1H-1,8-naphthyridin-4-one
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

  • Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
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  • Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume
An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information
Cluster randomized crossover non-inferiority trial by limiting blood transfusion for sever trauma patients
CTID: UMIN000035992
Phase:    Status: Pending
Date: 2019-02-25
Confirmatory Open-label Saccharated Iron Oxide-controlled Study of NS-32 in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia Associated with Menorrhagia (Phase III)
CTID: jRCT2080224508
Phase:    Status: completed
Date: 2019-01-10
Open Label Study (Phase III) of NS-32 in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia Associated with Gastrointestinal Diseases
CTID: jRCT2080224507
Phase:    Status: completed
Date: 2019-01-10
Restrictive transfusion strategy for critically injured patients trial
CTID: UMIN000034405
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up continuing
Date: 2018-10-10
A study on the clinical usefulness of tissue oxygenation monitoring with OX Imager for peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD)
CTID: UMIN000034051
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2018-09-06
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An evaluation of pressure ulcer using fingerstall-type tissue oximetry
CTID: UMIN000032921
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2018-07-01


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CTID: UMIN000031105
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2018-02-01
Measurement of Brown Adipose Tissue Amount of Diabetic Patients by using Near-infrared Time Resolved Spectroscopy
CTID: UMIN000026326
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up continuing
Date: 2017-02-28
The effect and proper dose of unfractionated heparin after digital replantation: a prospective study
CTID: UMIN000021991
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2016-04-21
Impact of posture and extracranial contamination on cerebral oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy
CTID: UMIN000021094
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2016-02-18
Efficacy and safety of simeprevir with pegylated interferon alfa and low dose of ribavirin for patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 and low hemoglobin level
CTID: UMIN000018476
Phase:    Status: Pending
Date: 2015-07-29
Open-label, randomized, controlled study evaluating dose-escalation of peginterferon alpa-2b plus ribavirin in aged patients with chronic hepatitis C
CTID: UMIN000015230
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2014-10-01
Open-label, randomized, controlled study peginterferon alpa-2b plus dose-escalation of ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C
CTID: UMIN000015229
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2014-10-01
Prognostic evaluation for renal anemia patients on hemodialysis based upon hemoglobin levels during treatment with Epoetin Beta Pegol: multicenter prospective study
CTID: UMIN000010138
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2013-03-01
Evaluation of pulse cooximetry in patients with large skin-surface temperature gradients
CTID: UMIN000008855
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2012-09-08
Renal prognoses by different target hemoglobin levels achieved by therapy with epoetin beta pegol dosing to chronic kidney disease patients with hyporesponsive anemia to erythropoiesis stimulating agent: multicenter open-label randomized controlled study
CTID: UMIN000008617
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2012-08-10
An open label multi facilities cooperation randomized control trial to verify urinary angiotensinogen excretion reducing effect of olmesartan therapy in diabetic nephropathy.
CTID: UMIN000001618
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2009-03-09
An open label multi facilities cooperation randomized control trial to verify renoprotective effects of pioglitazone therapy in diabetic nephropathy
CTID: UMIN000001126
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2008-04-30
An open-label, randomized, controlled trial comparing different dosing regimens with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
CTID: UMIN000001033
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2008-02-29

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