| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide targets thiol groups (-SH) in proteins and peptides through the maleimide moiety, which undergoes a Michael addition reaction with cysteine residues. This chemical reactivity allows the compound to interact with various enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules containing free thiols. The compound has also been reported to inhibit cholesterol synthesis and to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro. Its antimicrobial properties suggest additional interactions with microbial cellular components.
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| ln Vitro |
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytic leukemia and breast cancer cells in vitro. The compound exhibits antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. It also inhibits cholesterol synthesis in cell-based assays. As a cross-linking agent, it is used to create stable linkages between biomolecules, enhancing their functionality in drug delivery systems. These in vitro findings support its applications in bioconjugation, cancer research, and antimicrobial studies.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide have demonstrated its ability to inhibit trigeminal nerve pain in animal models. The compound's cross-linking properties suggest potential for in vivo applications in drug delivery and bioconjugation. However, comprehensive in vivo pharmacological studies specifically targeting N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide are limited. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide typically involve testing its reactivity with thiol-containing proteins and enzymes. The maleimide-thiol conjugation reaction is monitored using spectroscopic methods such as UV-Vis or fluorescence spectroscopy. For antimicrobial activity, standard disc diffusion or broth microdilution methods are employed to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The compound's purity (typically ≥95%) and identity are confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide involve culturing cancer cell lines such as lymphocytic leukemia and breast cancer cells to evaluate its antiproliferative effects. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for specified durations (24-72 hours), after which cell viability is assessed using MTT, CCK-8, or similar colorimetric assays. For antimicrobial studies, bacterial or fungal cultures are treated and cell viability is monitored by optical density measurements or colony counting. All experiments are performed with appropriate controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide have been conducted in models of trigeminal nerve pain. Animals are administered the compound and pain responses are assessed. For toxicology studies, animals would be administered the compound and observed for signs of toxicity, with parameters assessed including body weight, organ weights, and histopathology. Control groups receiving vehicle alone would be included for comparison. All procedures would comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide reflect its nature as a small hydrophilic molecule. It has a molecular weight of 141.12 and the molecular formula C6H7NO3. The compound is soluble in water and common organic solvents. As a reactive maleimide, it would be rapidly conjugated to thiol-containing proteins and peptides in vivo, which would affect its distribution and elimination. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including half-life, clearance, and bioavailability would require further systematic studies using appropriate analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide has been evaluated in the context of its use as a research chemical. The compound is a reactive maleimide that can form covalent bonds with thiol groups, which may cause toxicity if not handled properly. Proper handling procedures including use of personal protective equipment are recommended when working with the compound. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is intended for research purposes only. Long-term toxicity studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile.
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| References |
[1]. Scutaru AM, et al. Bivalent bendamustine and melphalan derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2011 May;46(5):1604-15.
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| Additional Infomation |
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)maleimide (CAS# 1585-90-6) is also known as 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione and N-羟乙基马来酰亚胺. It has the molecular formula C6H7NO3 and a molecular weight of 141.12. The compound is a cross-linking agent used in chemical synthesis and bioconjugation research. It is commonly used to create stable linkages between biomolecules such as proteins and antibodies for drug delivery applications. The compound exhibits antimicrobial and anticancer properties and inhibits cholesterol synthesis.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H7NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
141.12
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| Exact Mass |
141.042
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| CAS # |
1585-90-6
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| PubChem CID |
458487
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
304.5±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
70-71ºC
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| Flash Point |
138.0±23.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.561
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| LogP |
-0.81
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
179
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C(C([H])=C([H])C1=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
AXTADRUCVAUCRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H7NO3/c8-4-3-7-5(9)1-2-6(7)10/h1-2,8H,3-4H2
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| Chemical Name |
1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole-2,5-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.0862 mL | 35.4308 mL | 70.8617 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4172 mL | 7.0862 mL | 14.1723 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7086 mL | 3.5431 mL | 7.0862 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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