| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Multiple targets: inflammatory mediators (NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6); antioxidant pathways; cancer-related targets (apoptosis, cell cycle).
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| ln Vitro |
At 50, 70, and 90 μg/mL, respectively, saikogenin F inhibits the proliferation of A549 cells with rates of 18.81%, 47.64%, and 86.01%[1].
Saikogenin F exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB activation and reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It has hepatoprotective effects by protecting hepatocytes from damage induced by toxic agents and reducing liver enzyme levels. The compound shows immunomodulatory activity by regulating T-cell and macrophage function. It also has anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and suppressing angiogenesis. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of saikogenin F have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of inflammation, including carrageenan-induced paw edema and LPS-induced sepsis. Hepatoprotective effects have been shown in models of liver injury (e.g., CCl₄-induced, APAP-induced). Anticancer effects have been observed in tumor xenograft models. The compound is orally active and has favorable pharmacokinetic properties as an aglycone of saikosaponins.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Anti-inflammatory activity is assessed by measuring the inhibition of COX-2, iNOS, or cytokine production in enzyme assays or cell-based systems. NF-κB activation is measured by reporter gene assays or Western blot analysis of p65 nuclear translocation. Hepatoprotective activity is assessed by measuring liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST) in cell-based or in vitro assays. Anticancer activity is assessed by cell viability assays (MTT, SRB) and apoptosis assays using cancer cell lines.
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| Cell Assay |
Macrophage cell lines (e.g., RAW 264.7) are stimulated with LPS to induce inflammation, and cells are treated with saikogenin F at various concentrations. Inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in culture supernatant are measured by Griess reagent or ELISA. NF-κB activation is assessed by Western blot. For hepatoprotective studies, primary hepatocytes or HepG2 cells are treated with hepatotoxic agents (e.g., CCl₄, APAP) with or without saikogenin F, and cell viability and enzyme levels are measured. Cancer cell lines are used for anticancer studies.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies use rodent models. For anti-inflammatory studies, carrageenan-induced paw edema or LPS-induced sepsis models are used. For hepatoprotective studies, CCl₄- or APAP-induced liver injury models are used. For anticancer studies, tumor xenograft models in nude mice are used. The compound is administered orally, intraperitoneally, or intravenously. Relevant endpoints (inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, tumor volume, histopathology) are measured.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Saikogenin F is the aglycone of saikosaponins, which are the major bioactive constituents of Bupleurum species. As a sapogenin, it is expected to be more lipophilic than the corresponding glycosides, potentially leading to improved oral absorption. Saikosaponins are known to be metabolized to saikogenins in the gastrointestinal tract, and the aglycones are absorbed systemically. The compound is soluble in organic solvents. Standard laboratory storage conditions apply.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for saikogenin F are limited. Saikosaponins have been studied extensively and are generally considered to have moderate toxicity at high doses. Hepatotoxicity has been reported at very high doses. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound. It is intended for research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, Bupleurum contains saikosaponin F, and relevant data is available for reference.
Saikogenin F is an oleanane-type triterpenoid sapogenin and the aglycone of saikosaponins, the major bioactive constituents of Bupleurum species (Chai Hu). Bupleurum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries for the treatment of inflammatory and liver diseases. Saikogenin F contributes to the pharmacological activities of saikosaponins, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. It is used as a reference standard for quality control of Bupleurum-containing products and as a research tool. It is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H48O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
472.70
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| Exact Mass |
472.355
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| CAS # |
14356-59-3
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| PubChem CID |
21594261
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| LogP |
5.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
34
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| Complexity |
914
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
11
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| SMILES |
O1C[C@]23CCC(C)(C)C[C@@]2([H])[C@@]21C=C[C@]1([H])[C@@]4(C)CC[C@@H]([C@@](C)(CO)[C@]4([H])CC[C@@]1(C)[C@]2(C)C[C@@H]3O)O
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| InChi Key |
IUBQSOTVBGNWDI-CUMBFETHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H48O4/c1-24(2)13-14-29-18-34-30(21(29)15-24)12-8-20-25(3)10-9-22(32)26(4,17-31)19(25)7-11-27(20,5)28(30,6)16-23(29)33/h8,12,19-23,31-33H,7,9-11,13-18H2,1-6H3/t19-,20-,21-,22+,23+,25+,26+,27-,28+,29-,30+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-ene-2,10-diol
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| Synonyms |
(4R)-13,28-Epoxyolean-11-ene-3β,16β,23-triol; Saikogenin F
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1155 mL | 10.5775 mL | 21.1551 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4231 mL | 2.1155 mL | 4.2310 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2116 mL | 1.0578 mL | 2.1155 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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