| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Bacterial ribosome (50S subunit); ion transport (Na⁺/K⁺ ionophore).
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Monensin B exhibits antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. It inhibits bacterial growth and potentiates macrolide antibiotics by competing with the ribosome for binding to the 50S subunit. It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing the formation of an active ribosomal complex. As an ionophore, it facilitates the transport of sodium and potassium ions across cell membranes, disrupting cellular homeostasis and leading to cell death. It has inhibitory effects on HeLa cells.
|
| ln Vivo |
Monensin B is used primarily in veterinary medicine as a growth promoter and coccidiostat in livestock. It has antibacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, and protozoan activity, but has a weaker effect on Gram-negative bacteria. The compound's ionophore activity disrupts ion gradients in target organisms, leading to metabolic disruption and cell death. In vivo studies have evaluated its pharmacokinetic profile in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Antimicrobial activity is assessed using standard broth microdilution or agar diffusion methods against various bacterial, fungal, and protozoan strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values are determined. For ionophore activity, ion transport across membranes is measured using fluorescence-based assays or radioactive tracer techniques. Ribosomal binding assays involve incubating the compound with isolated 50S ribosomal subunits and measuring binding affinity using radiolabeled or fluorescent probes.
|
| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies, HeLa cells or other mammalian cell lines are cultured and treated with Monensin B at various concentrations. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays. For antimicrobial studies, bacterial or fungal cultures are grown in appropriate media and treated with the compound. Growth inhibition is measured by optical density or colony counting. The compound's effects on ion homeostasis can be studied using ion-sensitive fluorescent dyes.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies in broiler chickens involve administration of Monensin B by gavage (oral) or intravenously as a single dose. Blood samples are collected at various time points for pharmacokinetic analysis. Tissue distribution and elimination are assessed. In livestock, the compound is administered in feed as a growth promoter and coccidiostat. Efficacy against coccidiosis is evaluated by monitoring oocyst shedding and clinical signs.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Monensin B is absorbed after oral administration with estimated human oral bioavailability of 20%. It has a Caco-2 logPapp of -5.57 and is classified as absorbed with human intestinal absorption. In Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, the permeability is -5.15. The pharmacokinetic profile has been evaluated in broiler chickens following administration by gavage and intravenously at 40 mg/kg. The compound is soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, DMSO, and acetone.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Monensin B exhibits antimicrobial activity and has inhibitory effects on HeLa cells. It is used in veterinary medicine as a growth promoter and coccidiostat. Toxicity is a consideration at high doses, as ionophore antibiotics can be toxic to mammals due to disruption of ion homeostasis. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound. The compound is not fully validated for medical applications and is for research use only.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Monensin B is a polyketide compound derived from the bacterium Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Fermentations of Streptomyces cinnamonensis produce a mixture of Monensin A and Monensin B in a ratio dependent upon the relative concentrations of ethylmalonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA. The compound is notable for its potent antimicrobial activity, making it a robust tool in various biotechnological, veterinary, and research applications. It is used primarily in veterinary medicine as a growth promoter and coccidiostat. The compound is for research use only.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C35H60O11
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
656.84
|
| Exact Mass |
656.414
|
| CAS # |
30485-16-6
|
| PubChem CID |
91808875
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.22g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
760.1ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
229.2ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.547
|
| LogP |
3.74
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
46
|
| Complexity |
1090
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
16
|
| SMILES |
C[C@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@@]2(CC[C@@H](O2)[C@@]3(CC[C@@]4(O3)C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O4)[C@@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)O)OC)C)O)C)C)C5[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O5)(CO)O)C)C
|
| InChi Key |
ZXLUKLZKZXJEFX-FXZRHDQVSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C35H60O11/c1-18-14-20(3)35(40,17-36)45-27(18)25-15-19(2)30(42-25)33(8)11-10-26(43-33)32(7)12-13-34(46-32)16-24(37)21(4)29(44-34)22(5)28(41-9)23(6)31(38)39/h18-30,36-37,40H,10-17H2,1-9H3,(H,38,39)/t18-,19-,20+,21+,22-,23-,24-,25+,26+,27?,28+,29-,30+,32-,33-,34+,35-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S)-4-[(2S,5R,7S,8R,9S)-7-hydroxy-2-[(2R,5S)-5-[(2R,3S,5R)-5-[(3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methylpentanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5224 mL | 7.6122 mL | 15.2244 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3045 mL | 1.5224 mL | 3.0449 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1522 mL | 0.7612 mL | 1.5224 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
