| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: =98.56%
| Targets |
Naturally occurring compound
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Gigantol has demonstrated significant in vitro anticancer activity against multiple cancer cell lines. In lung cancer cells, gigantol induces ferroptosis by specifically interacting with SLC7A11 (solute carrier family 7 member 11), a subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc⁻, leading to inhibition of glutathione synthesis and disruption of redox homeostasis. This results in reduced cysteine uptake, decreased GPX4 activity, and subsequent ferroptotic cell death. Gigantol also suppresses cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in lung cancer cells at non-toxic concentrations, significantly reducing anchorage-independent growth, tumor spheroid formation, and the expression of stem cell markers CD133 and ALDH1A1 by suppressing Akt activation and decreasing pluripotency factors Oct4 and Nanog. In addition, gigantol exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by reducing pro-inflammatory markers and arachidonic acid metabolites through NF-κB, AKT, PI3K, and JNK/cPLA2/12-LOX pathways. Molecular docking studies identified MMP-13 as a promising target with a binding affinity of -8.8 kcal/mol. Gigantol also binds to and inhibits aldose reductase, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.05845 mM, contributing to its anticataract activity.
Research indicates that Gigantol possesses several potential biological properties: Anti-inflammatory: Inhibits inflammatory responses by modulating signaling pathways such as NF-κB. Antioxidant: Scavenges free radicals and reduces oxidative stress. Antitumor: Demonstrates pro-apoptotic, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects in models of lung cancer, liver cancer, etc. Neuroprotective: Shows potential in protecting against neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Antimicrobial & Antiviral: Exhibits inhibitory effects against certain bacteria and viruses. Others: Also reported to have anti-diabetic, anti-osteoporotic, and other activities. |
| ln Vivo |
Gigantol exhibits significant in vivo pharmacological activities. In lung cancer xenograft models, gigantol demonstrates anti-lung cancer efficacy through the induction of ferroptosis via the SLC7A11-GPX4 axis. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice revealed that gigantol shows rapid absorption, exhibits non-linear kinetic profile, and distributes with high concentrations in the liver and lungs. In a study using Kunming mice, oral administration of gigantol at 10 mg/kg showed significant tissue distribution in the liver and lungs, with RNA sequencing indicating enrichment of PPAR signaling pathways, and gigantol was identified as a dual PPARα/γ agonist. Gigantol also ameliorates CCl₄-induced liver injury by preventing activation of the JNK/cPLA2/12-LOX inflammatory pathway. Furthermore, gigantol exerts protective effects against diabetic cataracts in streptozotocin-induced rat models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Gigantol exhibits favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice have shown that gigantol is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with a non-linear kinetic profile. Tissue distribution studies demonstrate that gigantol accumulates primarily in the liver and lungs, with high concentrations detected in these organs. The compound undergoes phase II metabolism as a major metabolic pathway. ADMET analysis has confirmed gigantol's compatibility with necessary physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties, supporting its potential as a drug candidate. However, limited oral bioavailability remains a challenge that requires further investigation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Gigantol demonstrates a favorable safety profile in preclinical studies. Acute toxicity tests showed no toxic reaction in mice treated with gigantol-containing formulations. In ocular toxicity studies, no eye irritation or skin irritation was observed in rabbit eyes and skin following single-dose and multiple-dose administrations, and no allergic reactions were detected in guinea pigs. Gigantol at non-toxic concentrations effectively suppressed cancer stem cell-like phenotypes without causing significant cytotoxicity to normal cells. No adverse effects were found on THP-1-derived macrophages in in vitro studies. ADMET analysis has confirmed the compound's compatibility with necessary toxicity properties, further supporting its safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicological data, including long-term toxicity studies, remain to be fully established.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, 3',4-dihydroxy-3,5'-dimethoxybibenzyl has been found in Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium chrysanthum, and other organisms with available data.
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| Molecular Formula |
C16H18O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
274.31
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| Exact Mass |
274.121
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| CAS # |
83088-28-2
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| Related CAS # |
67884-30-4
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| PubChem CID |
10221179
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow Oil
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| LogP |
2.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
284
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
OC1C=C(CCC2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)C=C(OC)C=1
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| InChi Key |
BMSPEISBKGSBTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H18O4/c1-19-14-8-12(7-13(17)10-14)4-3-11-5-6-15(18)16(9-11)20-2/h5-10,17-18H,3-4H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
4-[2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
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| Synonyms |
Gigantol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL (182.28 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6455 mL | 18.2276 mL | 36.4551 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7291 mL | 3.6455 mL | 7.2910 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3646 mL | 1.8228 mL | 3.6455 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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