| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Multiple targets including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride acts as a potent antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. The anthocyanin structure, particularly the presence of hydroxyl and methoxy groups on the B-ring, enables the compound to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The compound's antioxidant activity is mediated through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and single electron transfer (SET) mechanisms. It may also upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The compound may have additional biological activities including anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride shows strong antioxidant activities, including DPPH radical-scavenging capacity, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The compound has significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to Fe²⁺ controls. As a flavonoid isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds and cabbage seeds, it exhibits potent free radical scavenging properties. The compound's antioxidant activity makes it of interest for nutritional and pharmacological research. It may also have anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects, although specific data for this compound are limited.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride are limited. As an anthocyanin, it is expected to be absorbed after oral administration and distributed to various tissues. Anthocyanins are known to undergo extensive metabolism, including deglycosylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation, and are eliminated primarily in urine and bile. The compound's antioxidant activity suggests potential benefits in animal models of oxidative stress and inflammation. It may be an important dietary supplement with beneficial health effects. Further studies are needed to characterize its specific in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based assays for petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride include standard antioxidant assays such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. These assays measure the compound's ability to scavenge free radicals or reduce oxidants in cell-free systems. For compound characterization, standard analytical methods including HPLC-UV, LC-MS/MS, and NMR are used to confirm identity and purity. The compound's stability under various conditions can be assessed using spectrophotometric methods.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride use various cell lines to assess its antioxidant and other biological activities. Cells are exposed to oxidative stress inducers (e.g., H₂O₂) and treated with the compound, and intracellular ROS levels are measured using fluorescent probes such as DCFH-DA. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays to determine protective effects against oxidative damage. For anti-inflammatory studies, macrophage cell lines (e.g., RAW 264.7) are stimulated with LPS and treated with the compound, and inflammatory mediators are measured. The compound's effects on gene expression and signaling pathways can be studied using qPCR and Western blot.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies of petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride are limited. Based on its antioxidant activity, potential animal models include: models of oxidative stress such as ischemia-reperfusion injury; and models of inflammation such as DSS-induced colitis. Standard protocols for these models involve administration of the compound (oral, intraperitoneal, or intravenous) followed by measurement of relevant endpoints including oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, and histopathological analysis. Further studies are needed to establish the compound's in vivo efficacy and safety.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride has a molecular formula of C₂₂H₂₃ClO₁₂ and a molecular weight of approximately 514.86 g/mol. It is a flavonoid isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds and cabbage seeds. The compound is soluble in appropriate solvents for in vitro and in vivo studies. It should be stored under recommended conditions. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human consumption.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride are limited. Anthocyanins are generally considered to have low toxicity and are widely consumed in the human diet as components of fruits and vegetables. No significant toxicity has been reported at dietary levels. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of personal protective equipment.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Petunia 3-O-glucoside is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride is a naturally occurring anthocyanin found in various plants, including Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) seeds and cabbage seeds. Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors of many fruits and vegetables. They are known for their potent antioxidant and health-promoting properties. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride exhibits strong antioxidant activities, including DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays. The compound may have beneficial health effects as a dietary supplement. It is used as a reference standard for the identification and quantification of anthocyanins in plant extracts and food products. It is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H23CLO12
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
514.86
|
| Exact Mass |
514.088
|
| CAS # |
6988-81-4
|
| Related CAS # |
Petunidin-3-O-galactoside chloride; 28500-02-9
|
| PubChem CID |
176449
|
| Appearance |
Purple to black solid
|
| LogP |
1.192
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
35
|
| Complexity |
668
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
COC1=CC(=CC(=C1[O-])O)C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O4)O)O)O)O)O.Cl
|
| InChi Key |
HBKZHMZCXXQMOX-YATQZQGFSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H22O12.ClH/c1-31-14-3-8(2-12(26)17(14)27)21-15(6-10-11(25)4-9(24)5-13(10)32-21)33-22-20(30)19(29)18(28)16(7-23)34-22;/h2-6,16,18-20,22-23,28-30H,7H2,1H3,(H3-,24,25,26,27);1H/t16-,18-,19+,20-,22-;/m1./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride
|
| Synonyms |
Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9423 mL | 9.7114 mL | 19.4228 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3885 mL | 1.9423 mL | 3.8846 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1942 mL | 0.9711 mL | 1.9423 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
