| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| Targets |
Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) chelation; JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. DpC is a selective iron chelator that effectively binds Fe(II) and Fe(III), disrupting iron homeostasis within cells. By chelating iron, DpC induces oxidative stress through the formation of redox-active iron and copper complexes, leading to lysosomal membrane permeabilization and subsequent cell death. DpC targets key signaling pathways including JNK and NF-κB. In human pancreatic tumor cell lines, DpC significantly increases the expression and phosphorylation of the growth and metastasis suppressor N-myc down-stream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and the CDK inhibitor p21CIP1/WAF1.
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| ln Vitro |
DpC inhibits cancer cell proliferation with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.007 to 0.096 μM across multiple cancer cell lines. In A549 human lung cancer cells, DpC showed an IC₅₀ of 0.004 μM after 72 hours by MTT assay. Against BGC-823 and A549 cells, it exhibited IC₅₀ values below 0.03125 μM. DpC synergizes with multiple anti-cancer therapeutics, enhancing treatment efficacy. The compound demonstrates temperature- and energy-dependent uptake by tumor cells, suggesting active transport mechanisms. DpC has demonstrated broad-spectrum anticancer potential including activity against neuroblastoma and drug-resistant tumors.
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| ln Vivo |
DpC has been evaluated in preclinical in vivo studies for its anticancer activity. As a potent iron chelator, it has demonstrated efficacy in animal models of cancer, including pancreatic cancer. In mouse xenograft models, DpC completely blocked PANC-1 tumor growth. The compound's synergistic effects with multiple anti-cancer therapeutics suggest potential for combination therapy approaches. DpC exhibits temperature- and energy-dependent uptake by tumor cells, which may contribute to its selective targeting of cancer cells. Further in vivo studies are ongoing to fully characterize its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based assays for DpC include iron chelation assays measuring the compound's ability to bind ferric iron (Fe³⁺) and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). The formation of redox-active iron and copper complexes can be assessed using spectroscopic methods. For signaling pathway studies, JNK and NF-κB pathway components can be evaluated using kinase activity assays or reporter gene systems. Standard analytical methods including HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry are used for compound characterization and purity assessment. Binding affinity to iron and copper can be measured using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) or surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for DpC use various cancer cell lines to assess its antiproliferative activity. Cells are cultured in appropriate medium and treated with DpC at various concentrations (typically 0.001-10 μM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is measured using MTT, CCK-8, or SRB assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining, caspase activity assays, and detection of apoptotic markers (cleaved PARP, caspase-3) by Western blot. Cell cycle analysis is performed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. NDRG1 and p21CIP1/WAF1 expression and phosphorylation are assessed by Western blot.
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| Animal Protocol |
DpC has been evaluated in vivo in preclinical animal models of cancer. Studies have been conducted in mouse xenograft models bearing human tumor cell lines including PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. DpC is administered via various routes (typically intraperitoneal or intravenous). Tumor volume is measured over time, and tumor tissues are collected for histopathological examination and biomarker analysis (NDRG1, p21, apoptosis markers). Pharmacokinetic parameters are determined from blood samples collected at various time points. The compound's synergistic effects with other anti-cancer therapeutics are evaluated in combination therapy studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
DpC has a molecular formula of C₁₉H₂₃N₅S and a molecular weight of 353.48 g/mol. The logP is 3.27. It appears as a light yellow to yellow solid powder. DpC is soluble in DMSO. For in vivo administration, it can be formulated in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline. The compound should be stored as a powder at -20°C for up to 3 years or in solvent at -80°C for 6 months. It is intended for research use only and is not for human consumption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for DpC are limited. As an iron chelator, the compound may cause iron deficiency-related effects at high doses, including anemia and fatigue. The compound's mechanism of action involves the induction of oxidative stress in tumor cells through the formation of redox-active iron and copper complexes, which may also contribute to toxicity in normal cells. The compound has not been fully validated for medical applications. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of personal protective equipment. It is intended for research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Di-2-pyridone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thioaminourea is being investigated in the clinical trial NCT02688101 (Dose exploration and pharmacokinetic study of oral administration of DpC for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors).
DpC (di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) is a second-generation thiosemicarbazone iron chelator with potent anticancer activity. It was developed as a next-generation iron chelator with improved potency and selectivity compared to earlier compounds such as Dp44mT. The compound's ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation at nanomolar concentrations (IC₅₀: 0.007-0.096 μM) makes it one of the most potent iron chelators in its class. DpC demonstrates synergistic effects with multiple anti-cancer therapeutics, suggesting potential for combination therapy approaches. The compound is under investigation for its broad-spectrum anticancer potential, including activity against neuroblastoma and drug-resistant tumors. It is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H23N5S
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| Molecular Weight |
353.48
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| Exact Mass |
353.167
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| CAS # |
1382469-39-7
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| PubChem CID |
57380301
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
510.7±48.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
262.7±29.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.649
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| LogP |
3.27
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
441
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CN(C1CCCCC1)C(=S)NN=C(C2=CC=CC=N2)C3=CC=CC=N3
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| InChi Key |
GNLZNQJBZNOUBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H23N5S/c1-24(15-9-3-2-4-10-15)19(25)23-22-18(16-11-5-7-13-20-16)17-12-6-8-14-21-17/h5-8,11-15H,2-4,9-10H2,1H3,(H,23,25)
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| Chemical Name |
1-cyclohexyl-3-(dipyridin-2-ylmethylideneamino)-1-methylthiourea
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8290 mL | 14.1451 mL | 28.2901 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5658 mL | 2.8290 mL | 5.6580 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2829 mL | 1.4145 mL | 2.8290 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02688101
Conditions:NeoplasmsProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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