| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
APS targets ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase. It is an ATP and sulfate competitive inhibitor of ATP sulfurylase in humans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is used to study sulfur transferases and sulfur reductases in various organisms.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
APS inhibits ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase. It serves as an intermediate in the formation of PAPS, the universal sulfate donor. Its activity is measured in enzymatic assays of sulfur metabolism.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for APS are not available. Its primary role is as a biochemical tool for studying sulfur metabolism in vitro.
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| Enzyme Assay |
ATP sulfurylase assays are performed by measuring the formation of APS from ATP and sulfate. APS kinase activity is measured by the formation of PAPS from APS and ATP. Inhibitory effects of APS can be assessed in these enzyme systems.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays are not typically used for APS. It is primarily employed in biochemical studies of sulfur metabolism enzymes.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal protocols are not applicable for APS as a biochemical reagent.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
APS is a metabolic intermediate. The sulfate group is rapidly hydrolyzed in acids but is stable in dilute alkali. Storage at -20°C is recommended.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for APS are not reported. As a metabolite, it is generally considered safe at research concentrations.
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| References |
[1]. Kowalska J, et al. Synthesis of nucleoside phosphosulfates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Jun 1;22(11):3661-4.
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| Additional Infomation |
APS is a research-use-only biochemical reagent. It is used to study sulfur metabolism, sulfotransferases, and sulfur reductases. It is an important tool for understanding the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing compounds.
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| Molecular Formula |
C10H12N5NA2O10PS
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
450.27426
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| Exact Mass |
449.002
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| CAS # |
102029-95-8
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| PubChem CID |
16218925
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
14
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
692
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[NaH].NC1N=CN=C2N(C3OC(COP(OS(=O)(O)=O)(O)=O)C(O)C3O)C=NC=12
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| InChi Key |
KVGKFGUVHSIJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H14N5O10PS.Na/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(24-10)1-23-26(18,19)25-27(20,21)22;/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,18,19)(H2,11,12,13)(H,20,21,22);
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2209 mL | 11.1044 mL | 22.2089 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4442 mL | 2.2209 mL | 4.4418 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2221 mL | 1.1104 mL | 2.2209 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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