| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Isometronidazole targets hypoxic cells in tumors. As a hypoxic cell sensitizer, it is selectively activated in oxygen-deficient (hypoxic) environments, which are common in solid tumors. The compound's nitro group is reduced under hypoxic conditions, generating reactive intermediates that can sensitize cells to radiation or chemotherapy. Isometronidazole also has antimicrobial properties against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, targeting microbial cells through similar reductive activation mechanisms.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Isometronidazole acts as a hypoxic cell sensitizer. The compound shows efficacy as a hypoxic cell sensitizer in severely hypoxic FaDu tumors but not in less hypoxic GL tumors. This indicates that the compound's activity is dependent on the degree of hypoxia, with greater efficacy in more severely hypoxic conditions. As a nitroimidazole derivative, it also has antimicrobial properties against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. However, detailed in vitro activity data including IC₅₀ values have not been extensively published.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Isometronidazole (750 mg/kg) shows efficacy as a hypoxic cell sensitizer in severely hypoxic FaDu tumors but not in less hypoxic GL tumors. This demonstrates that the compound's activity is dependent on tumor oxygenation status, with greater efficacy in more hypoxic tumors. As a hypoxic cell sensitizer, it can enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy or chemotherapy in hypoxic tumor regions. The compound also has antimicrobial properties against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Isometronidazole typically involve evaluation of hypoxic cell sensitization in tumor cell lines cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cells are treated with the compound under controlled oxygen conditions, and cell survival is assessed following radiation or chemotherapy. The sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) is calculated to quantify the compound's efficacy. Antimicrobial activity can be evaluated using broth microdilution methods against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. The compound's structure can be confirmed by NMR and MS. Purity is ≥98%.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Isometronidazole typically involve evaluation of hypoxic cell sensitization in tumor cell lines such as FaDu (hypopharyngeal carcinoma). Cells are cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions and treated with varying concentrations of the compound. Following radiation exposure or chemotherapy, cell survival is assessed using clonogenic assays or MTT assays. The compound's efficacy is compared between normoxic and hypoxic conditions to determine its hypoxia-dependent activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Isometronidazole have been conducted in tumor-bearing mouse models. The compound (750 mg/kg) shows efficacy as a hypoxic cell sensitizer in severely hypoxic FaDu tumors but not in less hypoxic GL tumors. Administration routes and dosing regimens are detailed in the primary literature. Endpoints include tumor growth delay, radiation or chemotherapy response, and assessment of tumor hypoxia. The compound is also used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of infections.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Isometronidazole are characteristic of nitroimidazole compounds. The compound has a molecular weight of 171.15 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₆H₉N₃O₃. As a small, moderately polar nitroimidazole, it is expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability and tissue distribution. The compound can penetrate hypoxic tumor regions due to its ability to diffuse through tissues. It is used in veterinary medicine and human healthcare for antimicrobial applications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of Isometronidazole is consistent with other nitroimidazole compounds. As a hypoxic cell sensitizer and antimicrobial agent, it may have potential for genotoxicity or neurotoxicity at high doses, similar to other nitroimidazoles. The compound is used in veterinary medicine and human healthcare. Comprehensive toxicological data are available from the pharmaceutical literature. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References |
[1]. Schreiber A, et al. Effect of the hypoxic cell sensitizer isometronidazole on local control of two human squamous cell carcinomas after fractionated irradiation. Strahlenther Onkol. 2004;180(6):375-382.
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| Additional Infomation |
Isometronidazole (CAS# 705-19-1, molecular formula C₆H₉N₃O₃, molecular weight 171.15) is a nitroimidazole derivative and hypoxic cell sensitizer. It shows efficacy at 750 mg/kg in severely hypoxic FaDu tumors. Also known as R.P. 8979 and metronidazole impurity E. Has antimicrobial properties against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Used in veterinary medicine and human healthcare. No specific clinical trials beyond existing approvals have been identified. Purity ≥98%.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H9N3O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
171.15396
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| Exact Mass |
171.064
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| CAS # |
705-19-1
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| Related CAS # |
Isometronidazole-d4;2469037-64-5;Isometronidazole-d4 hydrochloride;2748356-10-5
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| PubChem CID |
69715
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.45 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
405.4ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
199ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.612
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| LogP |
0.615
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
170
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=NC(=CN1CCO)[N+](=O)[O-]
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| InChi Key |
RSXWJXPKLRYMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H9N3O3/c1-5-7-6(9(11)12)4-8(5)2-3-10/h4,10H,2-3H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-(2-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethanol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.8428 mL | 29.2141 mL | 58.4283 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1686 mL | 5.8428 mL | 11.6857 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5843 mL | 2.9214 mL | 5.8428 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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