| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: =99.68%
| Targets |
Natural product
Aristolochic acids, including 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A, have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. As an aristolochic acid analogue, the compound may target pathways involved in inflammation, potentially through modulation of inflammatory mediators or signaling pathways. However, specific molecular targets of 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A have not been extensively characterized. Aristolochic acids are also known for their nephrotoxic and carcinogenic properties, which are mediated through metabolic activation and DNA adduct formation. |
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| ln Vitro |
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a group of toxins commonly present in the plants of genus Aristolochia and Asarum, which are spread all over the world. Since the 1990s, AA-induced nephropathy (AAN) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) have been reported in many countries. The underlying mechanisms of AAN and AA-induced UTUC have been extensively investigated. AA-derived DNA adducts are recognized as specific biomarkers of AA exposure, and a mutational signature predominantly characterized by A→T transversions has been detected in AA-induced UTUC tumor tissues. In addition, various enzymes and organic anion transporters are involved in AA-induced adverse reactions. The progressive lesions and mutational events initiated by AAs are irreversible, and no effective therapeutic regimen for AAN and AA-induced UTUC has been established until now. Because of several warnings on the toxic effects of AAs by the US Food and Drug Administration and the regulatory authorities of some other countries, the sale and use of AA-containing products have been banned or restricted in most countries. However, AA-related adverse events still occur, especially in the Asian and Balkan regions. Therefore, the use of AA-containing herbal remedies and the consumption of food contaminated by AAs still carry high risk. More strict precautions should be taken to protect the public from AA exposure [3].
In vitro, 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A is an aristolochic acid analogue that has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. Aristolochic acids can be used as anti-inflammatory agents. The compound has also been associated with antitumor, antibacterial, analgesic, and antifertility activities. However, detailed in vitro activity data including IC₅₀ values for 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A specifically have not been extensively published. The compound appears as a yellow powder. |
| ln Vivo |
Aristolochic acid (AA), used as an anti-inflammatory agent in the past, is known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic to several organs of the rat, including forestomach, renal pelvis and urinary bladder. However, despite the induction of DNA adducts in the liver, no carcinogenic potential of AA has been reported in the latter organ. The present study was based on the rationale that the lack of carcinogenicity of AA to the liver could be because this chemical may not be necrogenic at the doses examined and liver cell proliferation has been established as an essential component for initiation of liver carcinogenesis in the rat. The results indicated that AA is non-necrogenic to the rat liver. However, a single non-necrogenic dose of AA (10 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) given 18 hours after 2/3 partial hepatectomy initiated liver cell carcinogenesis. The initiated cells are promotable with 1% dietary orotic acid, a liver tumor promoter, to form glutathione-S-transferase 7-7 positive hepatic foci and nodules [2].
In vivo, aristolochic acids, including 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A, have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. However, aristolochic acids are also known for their nephrotoxic and carcinogenic properties, and their use has been restricted or banned in many countries due to safety concerns. Specific in vivo data for 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A are limited. The compound is primarily studied as a natural product and for content determination in research. |
| Enzyme Assay |
An HPLC-UV-MS method for the analysis of aristolochic acids A, B, C and D, 7-OH-aristolochic acid A, and aristolic acid in a number of plant materials and their commercial products has been developed. HPLC with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionisation-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode allowed the identification of the target compounds and increased the selectivity of complex analyses such as those associated with multi-botanical preparations. The presented method was used to analyse 10 plant samples and six commercial products that possibly contained aristolochic acids. The resulting chromatographic profiles of the samples were significantly different from each other, and the method was directly transferred to HPLC-MS, which was used to confirm the presence of the six aristolochic acids mentioned above [1].
In vitro assays for 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A are not extensively documented. As an aristolochic acid analogue, potential assays could include evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity by measuring cytokine production in immune cells, cytotoxicity screening against cancer cell lines using MTT or SRB assays, and assessment of DNA adduct formation as a measure of genotoxicity. The compound's structure can be confirmed by NMR and MS. Purity is typically assessed by HPLC (≥93%). The compound appears as a yellow powder. |
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A are not extensively documented. Potential cellular assays could include evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity in immune cells, cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines, and assessment of genotoxic effects such as DNA damage or micronucleus formation. Cells are treated with the compound and cell viability, cytokine production, or DNA damage markers are measured. The compound is typically handled as a yellow powder and may be soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO for cell culture applications.
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| Animal Protocol |
Aristolochic acid (AA), used as an anti-inflammatory agent in the past, is known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic to several organs of the rat, including forestomach, renal pelvis and urinary bladder. However, despite the induction of DNA adducts in the liver, no carcinogenic potential of AA has been reported in the latter organ. The present study was based on the rationale that the lack of carcinogenicity of AA to the liver could be because this chemical may not be necrogenic at the doses examined and liver cell proliferation has been established as an essential component for initiation of liver carcinogenesis in the rat. The results indicated that AA is non-necrogenic to the rat liver. However, a single non-necrogenic dose of AA (10 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) given 18 hours after 2/3 partial hepatectomy initiated liver cell carcinogenesis. The initiated cells are promotable with 1% dietary orotic acid, a liver tumor promoter, to form glutathione-S-transferase 7-7 positive hepatic foci and nodules [2].
In vivo animal experiments for 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A have not been extensively reported. Aristolochic acids are known for their nephrotoxic and carcinogenic properties and have been studied in animal models for these effects. However, specific study protocols for 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A are not detailed in the available literature. The compound is used for content determination and scientific research. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A have not been extensively characterized. The compound has a molecular weight of 357.27 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₁₇H₁₁NO₈. As a moderately lipophilic nitro-containing phenanthrene carboxylic acid, it is expected to have reasonable membrane permeability and tissue distribution. The compound appears as a yellow powder. Storage: desiccated at -20°C. Purity ≥93% (HPLC).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of 7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A is of significant concern due to its classification as an aristolochic acid analogue. Aristolochic acids are known nephrotoxins and carcinogens that cause DNA adduct formation and are associated with aristolochic acid nephropathy and urothelial cancer. The compound has also been associated with antitumor, antibacterial, analgesic, and antifertility activities. Due to these safety concerns, aristolochic acid-containing plants have been restricted or banned. Extreme caution should be exercised when handling this compound.
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| References |
[1]. Feng Wei, et al.Analysis of aristolochic acids and analogues in medicinal plants and their commercial products by HPLC-PAD-ESI/MS. Phytochem Anal. May-Jun 2005;16(3):222-30.
[2]. M R Rossiello, et al. Induction of hepatic nodules in the rat by aristolochic acid. Cancer Lett. 1993 Jul 30;71(1-3):83-7. [3]. Systematic Overview of Aristolochic Acids: Nephrotoxicity, Carcinogenicity, and Underlying Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10: 648. |
| Additional Infomation |
7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A (CAS# 79185-75-4, molecular formula C₁₇H₁₁NO₈, molecular weight 357.27) is an aristolochic acid analogue from Aristolochia debilis. Also known as aristolochic acid VIIa. Has reported anti-inflammatory activity but is associated with nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Used for content determination and scientific research. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals have been identified. Purity ≥93% (HPLC). Storage: desiccated at -20°C.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17H11NO8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
357.27
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| Exact Mass |
357.048
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| CAS # |
79185-75-4
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| PubChem CID |
1941
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
663.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
287-292°C
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| Flash Point |
355.2±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.776
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| Source |
Aristolochia plants
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| LogP |
2.47
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
580
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C2=C3C(=C(C(O)=O)C=C2OC1)C([N+]([O-])=O)=CC1C3=CC=C(O)C=1OC
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| InChi Key |
UCLGCTLOEZZSLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| Chemical Name |
9-hydroxy-8-methoxy-6-nitronaphtho[2,1-g][1,3]benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
4°C, protect from light
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ≥ 100 mg/mL (279.9 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7990 mL | 13.9950 mL | 27.9900 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5598 mL | 2.7990 mL | 5.5980 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2799 mL | 1.3995 mL | 2.7990 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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