| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary mechanism of action of Phloroglucide involves its antioxidant activity through the donation of hydrogen atoms to stabilize reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby interrupting destructive radical chain reactions. This property is of significant interest in investigating cellular damage, aging, and various disease models. The compound's defined molecular framework also serves as a core structure in supramolecular chemistry and materials science for developing functional organic materials. Its phenolic hydroxyl groups are key to its radical-scavenging capabilities and its utility as a chemical scaffold.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Phloroglucide has demonstrated anticancer activity in vitro by inducing apoptosis in cancer cell lines and suppressing tumor angiogenesis through inhibition of endothelial progenitor cell bioactivities. The compound's antioxidant properties have been characterized through its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Its multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups make it a potent antioxidant, enabling studies into oxidative stress and the neutralization of free radicals. These in vitro activities support its potential as an anticancer and antioxidant agent for research applications, though specific potency data are not detailed in the available literature.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of Phloroglucide have not been extensively reported in the available literature. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for studying antioxidant mechanisms and as a chemical scaffold rather than as a pharmacologically active agent in animal models. Its role as a naturally occurring compound suggests it may have physiological functions, but specific in vivo efficacy data in disease models are not available. Further research is needed to evaluate its potential therapeutic applications and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Typical in vitro assays for evaluating the antioxidant activity of Phloroglucide include DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, where the compound is incubated with radical solutions at various concentrations and absorbance is measured at specific wavelengths. For studying its effects on angiogenesis, endothelial progenitor cell functional assays are employed, assessing cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. The compound's ability to induce apoptosis can be evaluated using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining in cancer cell lines. These cell-free systems provide insights into the compound's mechanism of action as an antioxidant and anticancer agent.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Phloroglucide typically involve treating cancer cell lines or endothelial cells with the compound at concentrations ranging from 1-100 µM for 24-48 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase activity measurements. For studying anti-angiogenic effects, endothelial progenitor cells are treated with the compound, and their bioactivities including proliferation, migration, and tube formation are assessed. Intracellular ROS levels can be measured using fluorescent probes such as DCFH-DA to evaluate the compound's antioxidant effects at the cellular level.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Phloroglucide are not detailed in the available literature. For antioxidant and anticancer compounds, typical animal studies involve xenograft mouse models where tumor-bearing mice are treated with the compound via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at doses ranging from 10-100 mg/kg. Tumor volume and body weight are monitored regularly, and endpoints include tumor growth inhibition, apoptosis markers, and angiogenesis assessment. Toxicological endpoints such as body weight, organ weights, and histopathology are also evaluated. However, such studies have not been reported for phloroglucide.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for Phloroglucide are not available in the consulted sources. As a polyphenolic compound with a molecular weight of 234.20 g/mol, it would be expected to have moderate oral bioavailability, extensive metabolism via glucuronidation and sulfation, and rapid elimination. The compound's multiple hydroxyl groups suggest it may undergo significant first-pass metabolism. Distribution would likely be extensive due to its lipophilic nature, with potential accumulation in tissues. However, detailed ADME parameters have not been characterized in the literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Phloroglucide are not available in the consulted sources. Polyphenolic compounds generally have low acute toxicity but may exhibit cytotoxicity at high concentrations. The compound's antioxidant properties suggest it may have a protective role against oxidative stress-induced damage. However, comprehensive toxicity studies including genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and chronic toxicity would be required for therapeutic development. The compound is intended for research use only and is not approved for human or veterinary use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Phloroglucide is a naturally occurring compound that can be extracted from ferns and serves as a versatile chemical scaffold in organic synthesis and biomedical research. Its mechanism of action as an antioxidant primarily involves the donation of hydrogen atoms to stabilize reactive oxygen species. The compound is used as a fundamental building block for synthesizing natural product analogs, pharmaceuticals, and novel polymers. It is also a derivative of phloroglucinol, which is known as an antispasmodic. Phloroglucide is not approved for any clinical indication and is strictly a research compound.
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| Molecular Formula |
C12H10O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
234.20
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| Exact Mass |
234.053
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| CAS # |
491-45-2
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| PubChem CID |
248349
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| Appearance |
Yellow to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.594g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
529.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
216-218 ºC (water )
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| Flash Point |
268.1ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
7.91E-12mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.756
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| LogP |
1.881
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
237
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=C(C=C(C=C1O)O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
KICYRZIVKKYRFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H10O5/c13-7-1-6(2-8(14)3-7)12-10(16)4-9(15)5-11(12)17/h1-5,13-17H
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| Chemical Name |
2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)benzene-1,3,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2699 mL | 21.3493 mL | 42.6985 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8540 mL | 4.2699 mL | 8.5397 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4270 mL | 2.1349 mL | 4.2699 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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