| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 5mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Lactating rats dosed with (3)H-retronecine excreted within 3 hr approx 0.08% of the applied radioactivity in the milk mainly as yet not identified water soluble retronecine-derived metabolites and approx 0.02% as unchanged pyrrolizidine alkaloids (pas). Highest tissue levels of pas and metabolites, 6 hr after admin were found in liver and lungs. Metabolism / Metabolites Steric hindrance around the ester groups was the major factor inhibiting hydrolysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Enzymic hydrolysis of retronecine di-isovalerate occurred primarily at the allylic 9-ester group. The results supported the view that a factor contributing to the lower hepatotoxicity of semisynthetic retronecine diesters compared with some natural pyrrolizidine alkaloids, is their greater susceptibility to detoxication by hydrolysis. Levels of pyrrolic metabolites were measured in the livers of rats given some pyrrolizidine alkaloids and semisynthetic derivatives. Structural and chemical features favoring the formation of such metabolites were defined. The most important of these were steric hindrance or chemical properties giving resistance to ester hydrolysis; lipophilic character, allowing access to hepatic microsomal enzymes; a conformation favoring microsomal oxidation of the pyrroline ring in preference to n-oxidation. Levels of pyrrolic metabolites were measured in the livers of rats given some pyrrolizidine alkaloids and semisynthetic derivatives. ... Heliotridine-based alkaloids gave more pyrrole than similar retronecine esters, heliotridine ditiglate gave less pyrrole than retronecine ditiglate because the former was more open to hydrolytic attack. |
|---|---|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Retronecine is a member of pyrrolizines.
Retronecine has been reported in Euploca bracteata, Senecio vernalis, and other organisms with data available. Retronecine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in a variety of plants in the genera Senecio and Crotalaria, and the family Boraginaceae. It is the most common central core for other pyrrolizidine alkaloids. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H13NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
155.19
|
| Exact Mass |
155.095
|
| CAS # |
480-85-3
|
| PubChem CID |
10198
|
| Appearance |
Crystals from acetone
|
| Density |
1.29g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
291.3ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
119-120°
|
| Flash Point |
161.4ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.000211mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.611
|
| LogP |
-1.3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
191
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
OCC1=CCN2CCC(O)C12
|
| InChi Key |
HJSJELVDQOXCHO-HTQZYQBOSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H13NO2/c10-5-6-1-3-9-4-2-7(11)8(6)9/h1,7-8,10-11H,2-5H2/t7-,8-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(1R,8R)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,5,8-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-ol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.4437 mL | 32.2186 mL | 64.4371 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2887 mL | 6.4437 mL | 12.8874 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6444 mL | 3.2219 mL | 6.4437 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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