| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 5mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Following administration of (3)H-retropine to lactating rats, approximately 0.08% of the radioactive material was excreted in the milk within 3 hours, primarily unidentified water-soluble retropine metabolites and approximately 0.02% unmetabolized pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAS). The highest tissue concentrations of PAS and its metabolites were observed in the liver and lungs 6 hours after administration. Metabolism/Metabolites Steric hindrance around the ester group was the main factor inhibiting the hydrolysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Enzymatic hydrolysis of retropine diisovalerate primarily occurred at the allyl 9-ester group. The results support the view that one factor contributing to the lower hepatotoxicity of semi-synthetic retropine diesters compared to some natural pyrrolizidine alkaloids is their greater susceptibility to detoxification through hydrolysis. We determined the levels of pyrrole metabolites in the livers of rats administered certain pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their semi-synthetic derivatives, and identified structural and chemical characteristics favorable to the formation of these metabolites. The most important characteristics include: steric hindrance or chemical properties that confer resistance to ester hydrolysis; lipophilicity, enabling degradation by hepatic microsomal enzymes; and a conformation that favors microsomal oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring rather than N-oxidation. We determined the levels of pyrrole metabolites in the livers of rats administered certain pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their semi-synthetic derivatives. ...Compared to similar retronine esters, hyliotriidine-based alkaloids produced more pyrrole, and hyliotriidine ditigrate produced less pyrrole than retronine ditigrate because the former was more susceptible to hydrolytic attack. |
|---|---|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Ractronine is a pyrrolizidine compound. It has been reported to exist in Euploca bracteata, Senecio vernalis, and other organisms with relevant data. Ractronine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in various plants of the genera Senecio and Crotalaria, as well as in the Boraginaceae family. It is the most common central structural unit among other pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C8H13NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
155.19
|
| Exact Mass |
155.095
|
| CAS # |
480-85-3
|
| PubChem CID |
10198
|
| Appearance |
Crystals from acetone
|
| Density |
1.29g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
291.3ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
119-120°
|
| Flash Point |
161.4ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.000211mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.611
|
| LogP |
-1.3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
191
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
OCC1=CCN2CCC(O)C12
|
| InChi Key |
HJSJELVDQOXCHO-HTQZYQBOSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H13NO2/c10-5-6-1-3-9-4-2-7(11)8(6)9/h1,7-8,10-11H,2-5H2/t7-,8-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(1R,8R)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,5,8-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-ol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.4437 mL | 32.2186 mL | 64.4371 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2887 mL | 6.4437 mL | 12.8874 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6444 mL | 3.2219 mL | 6.4437 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
