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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary molecular targets of 6-Hydroxyrubiadin are the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. It suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB activation and JNK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. It reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. As an antioxidant, it may also scavenge free radicals. It has been characterized as an inhibitor of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) protein.
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| ln Vitro |
In RAW 264.7 macrophages, 6-hydroxyrubiadin inhibits the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)[1]. In phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-primed U937 and RAW 264.7 cells, 6-hydroxyrubiadin inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1b, and IL-6[1].
In vitro, 6-Hydroxyrubiadin suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB activation and JNK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. It reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It has antioxidant activity with an EC₅₀ of 14.7 µg/ml in DPPH assays. It has been evaluated as an EGFR protein inhibitor. These in vitro activities support its potential for treating inflammation and inflammatory diseases. |
| ln Vivo |
In a mouse model, 6-hydroxyrubiadin can lessen the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve acute lung injury (ALI)[1].
In vivo, 6-Hydroxyrubiadin can lessen the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve acute lung injury (ALI) in a mouse model. This demonstrates its potential as a therapeutic candidate for inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities suggest it may be useful for treating various inflammatory conditions. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Typical in vitro assays for 6-Hydroxyrubiadin include antioxidant assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, where the compound is incubated with DPPH radical solution and absorbance is measured at 517 nm. Anti-inflammatory assays measure NF-κB activation and JNK phosphorylation by Western blot in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) are measured by ELISA. EGFR inhibition is assessed in kinase assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for 6-Hydroxyrubiadin typically involve treating RAW 264.7 macrophages with the compound at concentrations ranging from 1-100 µM for 24-48 hours, followed by LPS stimulation. NF-κB activation and JNK phosphorylation are assessed by Western blot. Cytokine levels are measured by ELISA. ROS levels are measured using fluorescent probes. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. These cell-based systems allow for detailed analysis of the compound's anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for 6-Hydroxyrubiadin typically involve a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI). Mice are treated with the compound orally or intraperitoneally at doses ranging from 10-50 mg/kg, followed by LPS administration to induce ALI. Lung inflammation, cytokine levels, and histopathology are assessed. These studies have demonstrated that the compound can lessen the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve ALI.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 6-Hydroxyrubiadin are limited. As a small anthraquinone with a molecular weight of 270.24 g/mol, it would be expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability. Anthraquinones are typically metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine. However, detailed ADME parameters are not available in the consulted sources.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for 6-Hydroxyrubiadin are limited. As a natural anthraquinone, it may have dose-dependent toxicity. Some anthraquinones are known to have genotoxic or hepatotoxic effects. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
1,3,6-Trihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone is a trihydroxyanthraquinone with the structure 9,10-anthraquinone, where hydroxyl groups are substituted at positions 1, 3, and 6, and a methyl group is substituted at position 2. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis and functions as a plant metabolite. 1,3,6-Trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone-9,10-dione is also found in Rubia argyi, Rubia wallichiana, and other organisms for which relevant data are available.
6-Hydroxyrubiadin is a natural anthraquinone with antioxidant (EC₅₀ 14.7 µg/ml) and anti-inflammatory activities. It suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB activation and JNK phosphorylation, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. It improves acute lung injury in a mouse model. It is a research compound for studying inflammation, oxidative stress, and related diseases. It is not approved for any clinical indication. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H10O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
270.24
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| Exact Mass |
270.052
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| CAS # |
87686-86-0
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| PubChem CID |
5319801
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
558.7±19.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
305.7±18.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.745
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| LogP |
4.42
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
434
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1C2C(=C(C(C)=C(C=2)O)O)C(=O)C2C1=CC(=CC=2)O
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| InChi Key |
JKJVBHYKKRDSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H10O5/c1-6-11(17)5-10-12(13(6)18)15(20)8-3-2-7(16)4-9(8)14(10)19/h2-5,16-18H,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7004 mL | 18.5021 mL | 37.0041 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7401 mL | 3.7004 mL | 7.4008 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3700 mL | 1.8502 mL | 3.7004 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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